Fig. 1a
Fig. 1b
Fig. 2a
Fig. 2b
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
The effect of inosine pranobex on comet formation
| Concentration of inosine | Percentage tail DNA | |
|---|---|---|
| pranobex (μg/mL) | BALB/ 3T3 clone A31 cells | HepG2 cells |
| 0 | 1 | 1 |
| 0.1 | 1 | 1 |
| 0.5 | 1 | 2 |
| 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 5 | 1 | 1 |
| 10 | 2 ± 0.1 | 1 |
| 50 | 2 ± 0.1 | 2 ± 0.1 |
| 100 | 2 ± 0.1 | 3 ± 0.1 |
| 500 | 3 ± 0.2 | 2 ± 0.1 |
| 1,000 | 4 ± 0.2* | 5 ± 0.3* |
The effect of Inosine pranobex on number of cells with micronuclei
| Concentration of Inosine | BNMN‰ | |
|---|---|---|
| pranobex (μg/mL) | BALB/3T3 clone A31 cells | HepG2 cells |
| 0 | 0 | 1 |
| 0.1 | 1 | 0 |
| 0.5 | 2 ± 0.1 | 3 ± 0.1 |
| 1 | 2 ± 0.1 | 2 ± 0.1 |
| 5 | 2 ± 0.1 | 4 ± 0.2 |
| 10 | 3 ± 0.2 | 3 ± 0.2 |
| 50 | 4 ± 0.2 | 2 ± 0.1 |
| 100 | 4 ± 0.3 | 4 ± 0.2 |
| 500 | 5 ± 0.3 | 6 ± 0.3 |
| 1,000 | 6 ± 0.4* | 10 ± 0.9* |
Positive control substances used in Ames assay
| Strain | Substance |
|---|---|
| TA97a | 9AA (9- aminoacridine) |
| TA98 | 2-NF (2-nitrofluorene) |
| TA100 | NaN3 (sodium azide) |
| TA102 | Cumene hydroperoxide |
| TA1535 | NaN3 (sodium azide) |
Bacterial reverse mutation results (mean number of revertant colonies per plate) in Salmonella typhimurium TA97a, TA98, TA100, TA102, and TA1535 strains after incubation with inosine pranobex detected with Ames assay
| Concentration of inosine pranobex ( μg/mL) | TA97a | TA98 | TA100 | TA102 | TA1535 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| -S9 | +S9 | -S9 | +S9 | -S9 | +S9 | -S9 | +S9 | -S9 | +S9 | |
| 0.1 | 4 ± 0.1 | 9 ± 0.7* | 6 ± 0.1* | 7 ± 0.3* | 12 ± 1* | 15 ± 1* | 11 ± 1* | 11 ± 1* | 10 ± 0.7* | 11 ± 1* |
| 0.5 | 2 ± 0.1 | 5 ± 0.3 | 2 ± 0.1 | 3 ± 0.1 | 12 ± 1* | 12 ± 1* | 12 ± 1* | 12 ± 1* | 12 ± 1* | 12 ± 1* |
| 1 | 3 ± 0.2 | 4 ± 0.1 | 4 ± 0.2 | 6 ± 0.3* | 2 ± 0.1 | 5 ± 0.1* | 3 ± 0.1 | 3 ± 0.1 | 3 ± 0.1 | 6 ± 0.2* |
| 5 | 5 ± 0.3 | 7 ± 0.3* | 9 ± 0.5* | 9 ± 0.4* | 4 ± 0.1 | 6 ± 0.12* | 4 ± 0.1 | 4 ± 0.1 | 4 ± 0.1 | 4 ± 0.1 |
| 10 | 6 ± 0.4 | 6 ± 0.3 | 6 ± 0.3* | 7 ± 0.3* | 8 ± 0.5* | 9 ± 0.3* | 8 ± 0.4* | 9 ± 0.5* | 8 ± 0.5* | 9 ± 0.4* |
| 50 | 5 ± 0.3 | 8 ± 0.5* | 6 ± 0.4* | 7 ± 0.2* | 11 ± 1* | 11 ± 1* | 9 ± 0.6* | 9 ± 0.4* | 11 ± 0.9* | 12 ± 1* |
| 100 | 6 ± 0.4 | 6 ± 0.3 | 7 ± 0.3* | 7 ± 0.3* | 7 ± 0.4* | 7 ± 0.4* | 9 ± 0.7* | 9 ± 0.5* | 9 ± 0.5* | 9 ± 0.6* |
| 500 | 9 ± 0.6 | 9 ± 0.4* | 11 ± 0.8* | 11 ± 0.8* | 11 ± 1* | 11 ± 1* | 10 ± 1* | 10 ± 0.6* | 9 ± 0.6* | 10 ± 0.8* |
| 1,000 | 8 ± 0.7* | 8 ± 0.5* | 5 ± 0.2* | 7 ± 0.4* | 9 ± 0.5* | 9 ± 0.3* | 9 ± 0.4* | 9 ± 0.5* | 9 ± 0.7* | 9 ± 0.6* |
| 9AA | 43 | 43 | ||||||||
| 2-NF | 69 | 69 | ||||||||
| NaN3 | 85 | 85 | ||||||||
| Cumene | 84 | 84 | ||||||||
| hydroperoxide | ||||||||||
| NaN3 | 85 | 85 | ||||||||