Family Business and Religion – Research Agenda

Bąkiewicz, Anna; Kasuma, Jati; Hermawan, Asep

doi:10.2478/joim-2022-0005

Abstract

Objective: The aim of the study is to find out what is our state of knowledge about the importance of religion for the activity of family businesses. The literature review on the impact of four major religions: Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism and Islam on the family business development has been made. The issues as business development, resource allocations, risk taking, succession and business ethics in family business under the influence of religion have been discussed. The synthesis effect of the study is the picture of a specific research field. And, as a result of the study the important niches in our knowledge, main barriers of research development and most inspiring directions for future studies have been identified.

References

Abdelgawad, S. G., & Shaker, A. Z. (2019). Family Firms’ Religious Identity and Strategic Renewal. Journal of Business Ethics, 163, 775–787. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-019-04385-4.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Afghan, Nasir, & Tayyaba Wiqar. (2007). Succession in Family Businesses of Pakistan: Kinship Culture and Islamic Inheritance Law. CMER Working Papers, 7–54.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Anggadwita, G., Ramadani, V., Alamanda, D. T., Ratten, V., & Hashani, M. (2017). Entrepreneurial Intentions from an Islamic Perspective: A Study of Muslim Entrepreneurs in Indonesia. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 31(2), 165–179.10.1504/IJESB.2017.10004845
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Aronoff, C. (2004). Self-Perpetuation Family Organization Built on Values: Necessary Condition for Long-Term Family Business Survival. Family Business Review, 17(1), 55–59. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-6248.2004.00003.x.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Arregle, J.- L., Hitt, M. A., Sirmon, D. G., & Very, P. (2007). The Development of Organizational Social Capital: Attributes of Family Firms. Journal of Management Studies, 44(1), 73–95. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00665.x.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Astrachan, J. H., & Jaskiewicz, P. (2008). Emotional Returns and Emotional Costs in Privately Held Family Businesses: Advancing Traditional Business Valuation. Family Business Review, 21(2), 139–149.10.1111/j.1741-6248.2008.00115.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Astrachan, J. H., Astrachan, C. B., Campopiano, G., & Baù, M. (2020). Values, Spirituality and Religion: Family Business and the Roots of Sustainable Ethical Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 163(4), 637–645.10.1007/s10551-019-04392-5
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Audretsch, D. B., Bönte, W., & Tamvada, J. P. (2013). Religion, Social Class, and Entrepreneurial Choice. Journal of Business Venture, 28, 774–789. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-019-04392-5.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Baelz, P. R. (1977). Ethics and Belief. New York: The Seabury Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Balog, A. M., Baker, L. T., & Walker, A. G. (2014). Religiosity and Spirituality in Entrepreneurship: A Review and Research Agenda. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 11(2), 159–186.10.1080/14766086.2013.836127
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Barro, R. J., & McCleary, R. M. (2003). Religion and Economic Growth Across Countries. American Sociological Review, 68(5), 760–781. DOI: 10.2307/1519761.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Benett, Y. (2011). How Social Science Research Methods Might Provide Scientific Evidence for the Existence of God. Christian Higher Education, 10(2), 132–139. DOI: 10.1080/15363751003715775.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Berger, P. L. (1967). The Sacred Canopy: Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion. Garden City, NJ: Doubleday.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Berrone, P., Cruz, C., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. (2012). Socioemotional Wealth in Family Firms: Theoretical Dimensions, Assessment Approaches, and Agenda for Future Research. Family Business Review, 25(3), 258–279.10.1177/0894486511435355
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bhatnagar, N., Sharma, P., & Ramachandran, K. (2020). Spirituality and Corporate Philanthropy in Indian Family Firms: An Exploratory Study. Journal of Business Ethics, 163, 715–728. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-019-04394-3.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Blodgett, M., Dumas, C., & Zanzi, A. (2011). Emerging Trends in Global Ethics: A Comparative Study of US and International Family Business Values. Journal of Business Ethics, 99(1), 29–38.10.1007/s10551-011-1164-7
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Borowik, I. (2007). The Religious Landscape of Central and Eastern Europe after Communism. In J. A. Beckford, N. J. Demerath (Eds.), The Sage Handbook of the Sociology of Religion (pp. 638–653). Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore: Sage.10.4135/9781848607965.n32
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Breton-Miller, I., Miller, D., & Steier, L. P. (2004). Toward an Integrative Model of Effective FOB Succession. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 28(4), 305–328.10.1111/j.1540-6520.2004.00047.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Bruton, G. D., Ahlstrom, D., & Wan, J. C. C. (2003). Turnaround in East Asian firms: Evidence from Ethnic Overseas Chinese Communities. Strategic Management Journal, 24(6), 519–540.10.1002/smj.312
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cafferky, M. E. (2012). Management: A Faith-Based Perspective. Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Callen, J. L., & Fang, X. (2015). Religion and Stock Price Crash Risk. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 50(1–2), 169–195. DOI: 10.1017/S0022109015000046.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Carney, M., & Gedajlovic, E. (2003). Strategic Innovation and the Administrative Heritage of East Asian family Business Groups. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 20, 5–26.10.1023/A:1022062428231
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Carradus, A., Zozimo, R., & Discua Cruz, A. (2020). Exploring a Faith-led Open Systems Perspective of Stewardship in Family Businesses. Journal of Business Ethics, 163, 701–714.10.1007/s10551-019-04387-2
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Casson, M. (1999). The economics of the family firm. Scandinavian Economic History Review, 47(1), 10–23.10.1080/03585522.1999.10419802
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cavalcanti, T. V., Parente, S. L., & Zhao, R. (2007). Religion in Macroeconomics: A Quantitative Analysis of Weber’s Thesis. Economic Theory, 32(1), 105–123.10.1007/s00199-006-0181-8
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cavanagh, G. F., & Bandsuch, M. R. (2002). Virtue as a Benchmark for Spirituality in Business. Journal of Business Ethics, 38, 109–117.10.1023/A:1015721029457
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Cennamo, C., Berrone, P., Cruz, C., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. (2012). Socioemotional Wealth and Proactive Stakeholder Engagement: Why Family–Controlled Firms Care More about their Stakeholders. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(6), 1153–1173.10.1111/j.1540-6520.2012.00543.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chen, M. (2018). Determinants and economic consequences of leadership succession: Evidence from family firms in China. PhD Thesis. Cardiff, Wales: Cardiff Business School.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chintrakarn, P., Jiraporn, P., Tong, S., & Chatjuthamard, P. (2015). Exploring the Effect of Religious Piety on Corporate Governance: Evidence from Anti-takeover Defenses and Historical Religious Identification. Journal of Business Ethics, 141, 469–476. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-015-2677-2.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., Pearson, A. W., & Barnett, T. (2012). Family Involvement, Family Influence, and Family-Centered Non-Economic Goals in Small Firms. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(2), 267–293. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2010.00407.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Colli, A. (2003). The History of Family Business, 1850–2000. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511615009
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Combs, J. G., Shanine, K. K., Burrows, S., Allen, J. S., & Pounds, T. W. (2019). What Do We Know About Business Families? Setting the Stage for Leveraging Family Science Theories. Family Business Review, 33(1), 38–63. DOI: 10.1177/0894486519 863508.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Conroy, S. J., & Emerson, T. L. N. (2004). Business Ethics and Religion: Religiosity as a Predictor of Ethical Awareness Among Students. Journal of Business Ethics, 50, 383–396.10.1023/B:BUSI.0000025040.41263.09
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dana, L. P. (2009). Religion as an Explanatory Variable for Entrepreneurship. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 10(2), 87–99. DOI: 10.5367/00000000 9788161280.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Daspit, J. J., Holt, D. T., Chrisman, J. J., & Long, R. G. (2016). Examining Family Firm Succession from a Social Exchange Perspective: A Multiphase, Multistakeholder Review. Family Business Review, 29(1), 44–64.10.1177/0894486515599688
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Davie, G. (2007). Sociology of Religion. Sage. CA: Thousand Oaks.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
De Alwis, & Chamaru, A. (2016). Incumbents Influence on Family Business Succession Process. European Journal of Business and Management, 8(13), 96–105.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Debicki, B. J., Matherne, C. F., Kellermanns, F. W., & Chrisman, J. J. (2009). Family Business Research in the New Millennium: An Overview of the Who, the Where, the What, and the Why. Family Business Review, 22(2): 151–166. DOI: 10.1177/089448650933359.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Denison, D., Lief, C., & Ward, J. L. (2004). Culture in Family-Owned Enterprises: Recognizing and Leveraging Unique Strengths. Family Business Review, 17(1): 61–70.10.1111/j.1741-6248.2004.00004.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dieleman, M., & Koning, J. (2020). Articulating Values Through Identity Work: Advancing Family Business Ethics Research. Journal of Business Ethics, 163(4), 675–687. DOI: 10.1007/s1055-1019-04380-9.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Discua Cruz, A., Hamilton, E., & Jack, S. J. (2012). Understanding Entrepreneurial Cultures in Family Businesses: A Study of Family Entrepreneurial Teams in Honduras. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 3(3): 147–161.10.1016/j.jfbs.2012.05.002
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Discua Cruz, A. (2013). Christian Family Businesses: Opportunities for Further Research. Journal of Biblical Integration in Business, 16(2), 7–28.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Distelberg, B., & Sorenson, R. L. (2009). Updating Systems Concepts in Family Businesses: A Focus on Values, Resource Flows, and Adaptability. Family Business Review, 22(1), 65–81. DOI: 10.1177/08944865083291.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dodd, S. D., & Seaman, P. T. (1998). Religion and enterprise: An introductory exploration. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 23(1), 71–86.10.1177/104225879802300104
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dodd, S. D., & Dyck, B. (2015). Agency, Stewardship, and the Universal-Family Firm: A Qualitative Historical Analysis. Family Business Review, 28(4), 312–331.10.1177/0894486515600860
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Driscoll, C., McIsaac, E. M., & Wiebe, E. (2019). The material nature of spirituality in the small business workplace: from transcendent ethical values to immanent ethical actions. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 16(2), 155–177.10.1080/14766086.2019.1570474
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Du, X., Jian, W., Du, Y., Feng, W., & Zeng, Q. (2014). Religion, the Nature of Ultimate Founder, and Corporate Philanthropic Giving: Evidence from China. Journal of Business Ethics, 123(2), 235–256.10.1007/s10551-013-1804-1
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dunn, Barbara. (1999). The Family Factor: The Impact of Family Relationship Dynamics on Business-Owning Families During Transitions. Family Business Review, 12(1), 41–57. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-6248.1999.00041.x,
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Dunning, J. H., & Kim, C. (2007). The Cultural Roots of Guanxi: An Exploratory Study. The World Economy, 30(2), 329–341. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-9701.2007.00885.x.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ebaugh, H. R., Pipes, P. F., Chafetz, J. S., & Daniels, M. (2003). Where’s the Religion? Distinguishing Faith-Based from Secular Social Service Agencies. Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion, 42(3), 411–426. DOI: 10.1111/1468-5906.00191.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
El Ghoul, S., Guedhami, O., Ni, Y., Pittman, J., & Saadi, S. (2012). Does Religion Matter to Equity Pricing? Journal of Business Ethics, 111(4), 491–518.10.1007/s10551-012-1213-x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Faizal, P. R. M., Ridhwan, A. M. M., & Kalsom, A. W. (2013). The Entrepreneurs Characteristics from Al-Quran and Al-Hadith. International Journal of Trade, Economics and Finance, 4(4), 191–196.10.7763/IJTEF.2013.V4.284
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fang, H., Van de Graaff, R., Chrisman, J. J., & Barnett, T. (2013). Firm religiosity, bounded stakeholder salience, and stakeholder relationships in family firms. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 10(3), 253–270.10.1080/14766086.2012.758055
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fathallah, R., Sidani, Y., & Khalil, S. (2019). How Religion Shapes Family Business Ethical Behaviors: An Institutional Logics Perspective. Journal of Business Ethics, 163(4), 647–659.10.1007/s10551-019-04383-6
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gruber, M., & Fauchart, E. (2011). Darwinians, Communitarians, and Missionaries: The Role of Founder Identity in Entrepreneurship. Academy of Management Journal, 54(5), 935–957.10.5465/amj.2009.0211
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fritzsche, D. J., & Oz, E. (2007). Personal Values’ Influence on the Ethical Dimension of Decision Making. Journal of Business Ethics, 75(4), 335–343.10.1007/s10551-006-9256-5
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Fukuyama, F. (1996). Trust: The Social Virtues and the Creation of Prosperity. England: Penguin Books.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
García-Álvarez, E., & López-Sintas, J. (2001). A Taxonomy of Founders Based on Values: The Root of Family Business Heterogeneity. Family Business Review, 14(3), 209–230.10.1111/j.1741-6248.2001.00209.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gilles, H., & Hui, K. W. (2009). Does religion matter in corporate decision making in America? Journal of Financial Economics, 93(3), 455–473.10.1016/j.jfineco.2008.10.001
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gioia, D. A., Patvardhan, S. D., Hamilton, A. L., & Corley, K. G. (2013). Organizational Identity Formation and Change. The Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 123–192. DOI: 10.1080/19416520.2013.762225.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gothóni, R. (2005). How to do Comparative Religion? Three Ways, Many Goals. Belin: De Gruyter. DOI: 10.1515/9783110922608.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Goto, T. (2006). Longevity of Japanese family firms. In P. Z. Poutziouris, K. X. Smyrnios, & S. B. Klein (Eds.), Handbook of Research on Family Business (pp. 517–536). Northampton: Edward Elgar.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gómez-Mejia, L. R., Makri, M., & Kintana, M. L. (2010). Diversification Decisions In Family-Controlled Firms. Journal of Management Studies, 47(2), 223–252.10.1111/j.1467-6486.2009.00889.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Haynes, T., Núñez-Nickel, M., Jacobson, K. J. L., & Moyano-Fuentes, J. (2011). The Bind that Ties: Socioemotional Wealth Preservation in Family Firms. The Academy of Management Annals, 5(1), 653–707.10.5465/19416520.2011.593320
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gundolf, K., & Filser, M. (2013). Management Research and Religion: A Citation Analysis. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(1), 177–185. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-012-1240-7.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gupta, V., Levenburg, N. M., Moore, L., Motwani, J., & Schwarz, T. (2008). Culturally-Sensitive Analysis of Family Business in Anglo Region: A Compendium Using the GLOBE Paradigm. Hyderabad, India: ICFAI University Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Gümüsay, A. A., Smets, M., & Morris, T. (2019). ‘God at Work’: Engaging Central and Incompatible Institutional Logics through Elastic Hybridity. Academy of Management Journal, 63(1), 124–154. DOI: 10.5465/amj.2016.0481.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Habbershon, T. G., Williams, M., & MacMillan, I. C. (2003). A Unified Systems Perspective of Family Firm Performance. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(4), 451–465.10.1016/S0883-9026(03)00053-3
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hall, C. M. (1996). Identity Religion and Values: Implications for Practitioners. New York: Taylor and Francis.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hofstede, G., & Bond, M. H. (1988). The Confucius connection: From cultural roots to economic growth. Organizational Dynamics, 16, 4–21.10.1016/0090-2616(88)90009-5
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Hofstede, G. (1991). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Iannaccone, Laurence R. (1998). Introduction to the Economics of Religion. Journal of Economic Literature, 36(3), 1465–1496.10.1111/j.1465-7295.1998.tb01721.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ibrahim, N. A., & Angelidis, J. P. (2005). The Long-Term Performance of Small Businesses: Are There Differences Between ‘Christianbased’ Companies and their Secular Counterparts? Journal of Business Ethics, 58(1), 187–193.10.1007/s10551-005-1413-8
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Inglehart R., Baker, W. E. (2000). Modernization, Cultural Change, and the Persistence of Traditional Values. American Sociological Review, 65(1), 19–51.10.2307/2657288
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jaskiewicz, P., Combs, J. G., Shanine, K. K., & Kacmar, K. M. (2017). Introducing the Family: A Review of Family Science with Implications for Management Research. Academy of Management Annals, 11(1), 309–341.10.5465/annals.2014.0053
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Jiang, F., Jian, Z., Kim, K. A., & Zhang, M. (2015). Family-firm risk-taking: Does religion matter? Journal of Corporate Finance, 33, 260–278.10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2015.01.007
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kavas, M., Jarzabowski, P., & Nigam, A. (2020). Islamic Family Businesses: The Constitutive Role of Religion In Business. Journal of Business Ethics, 163, 689–700. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-019-04384-5.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kellermanns, F. W. (2013). Spirituality and Religion in Family Firms. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 10(2), 112–115.10.1080/14766086.2013.807688
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Khatri, N., Tsang, E. W. K., & Begley, T. M. (2005). Cronyism: A Cross-Cultural Analysis. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(1), 61–75.10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400171
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Koiranen, M. (2002). Over 100 Years of Age but Still Entrepreneurially Active in Business: Exploring the Values And Family Characteristics of Old Finnish Family Firms. Family Business Review, 15(3), 175–187.10.1111/j.1741-6248.2002.00175.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Koning, J. (2007). Chineseness and Chinese Indonesian Business Practices: A Generational and Discursive Inquiry. East Asia, 24(2), 129–152.10.1007/s12140-007-9011-2
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kumar, A., Page, J. K., & Spalt, O. G. (2011). Religious beliefs, gambling attitudes, and financial market outcomes. Journal of Financial Economics, 102(3), 671–708.10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.07.001
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Kuran, T., & Singh, A. (2013). Economic Modernization in Late British India: Hindu-Muslim Differences. Economic Development and Cultural Change, 61(3), 503–538.10.1086/669259
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Lewer, J. J., & Van den Berg, H. (2007). Religion and International Trade: Does the Sharing of a Religious Culture Facilitate the Formation of Trade Networks? American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 66(4), 765–794.10.1111/j.1536-7150.2007.00539.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Li, N. (2008). Religion, Opportunism, and International Market Entry Via Non-Equity Alliances or Joint Ventures. Journal of Business Ethics, 80(4), 771–789.10.1007/s10551-007-9468-3
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Litz, R. A. (2013). Leaving the godfather to follow God the father: successor generation conversion in a mob family. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 10(2): 183–211. DOI: 10.1080/14766086.2012.758053.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Liu, H. (2000). Globalization, Institutionalization and the Social Foundation of Chinese Business Networks. In H. Wai-Chung Yeung, & K. Olds (Eds.), Globalization of Chinese Business Firms (pp. 105–125). United States of America: St. Martin’s Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Loe, T. W., Ferrell, L., & Mansfield, P. (2000). A Review of Empirical Studies Assessing Ethical Decision Making in Business. Journal of Business Ethics, 25(3), 185–204.10.1023/A:1006083612239
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Madison, K., Holt, D. T., Kellermanns, F. W., & Ranft, A. L. (2016). Viewing Family Firm Behavior and Governance Through the Lens of Agency and Stewardship Theories. Family Business Review, 29(1), 65–93.10.1177/0894486515594292
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Marquis, C., & Tilcsik, A. (2013). Imprinting: Toward A Multilevel Theory. Academy of Management Annals, 7(1), 193–243.10.5465/19416520.2013.766076
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
McGuire, S. T., Omer, T. C., & Sharp, N. Y. (2011). The Impact of Religion on Financial Reporting Irregularities. The Accounting Review, 87(2), 645–673.10.2308/accr-10206
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Melé, D., & Fontrodona, J. (2017). Christian Ethics and Spirituality in Leading Business Organizations: Editorial Introduction. Journal of Business Ethics, 145(4), 671–679. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-016-3323-3.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Milliman, J., Czaplewski, A. J., & Ferguson J. (2003). Workplace spirituality and employee work attitudes: an exploratory empirical assessment. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 16(4), 426–447.10.1108/09534810310484172
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Naldi, L., Cennamo, C., Corbetta, G., & Gomez-Mejia, L. (2013). Preserving Socioemotional Wealth in Family Firms: Asset or Liability? The Moderating Role of Business Context. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(6), 1341–1360.10.1111/etap.12069
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nash, L. (2004). Lasting success for the Christian in business. Business and Professional Ethics Journal, 23(4), 43–67.10.5840/bpej20042344
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Neal, J., & Vallejo, M. C. (2008). Family Firms as Incubators for Spirituality in the Workplace: Factors That Nurture Spiritual Businesses. Journal of Management Spirituality and Religion, 5(2), 115–159. DOI: 10.1080/14766080809518697.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Neubaum, D. O., Thomas, C. H., Dibrell, C., & Craig, J. B. (2017). Stewardship Climate Scale: An Assessment of Reliability and Validity. Family Business Review, 30(1), 37–60.10.1177/0894486516673701
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Nordqvist, M., Hall, A., & Melin, L. (2009). Qualitative research on family businesses: The relevance and usefulness of the interpretive approach. Journal of Management and Organization, 15(3), 294–308.10.1017/S1833367200002637
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Oliveira, A. (2004). The Place of Spirituality in Organizational Theory. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 9(2), 17–21.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Palliam, R., Cader, H. A., & Chiemeke, C. (2011). Succession Issues among Family Entrepreneurs in Countries of the Gulf International. International Journal of Business Administration, 2(2), 25–32.10.5430/ijba.v2n2p25
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Parboteeah K. P., Paik, Y., & Cullen, J. B. (2009). Religious Groups and Work Values. A Focus on Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, and Islam. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management, 9(1), 51–67.10.1177/1470595808096674
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Paterson, T. A., Specht, D., & Duchon, D. (2013). Exploring costs and consequences of religious expression in family businesses. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 10(2), 138–158.10.1080/14766086.2012.758051
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pearl, J. A. (1995). When Faith Comes First. Family Business Magazine. Retrieved from https://www.familybusinessmagazine.com/when-faith-comes-first. Access: 14.07.20.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pieper, T., Williams, Jr. R. I., Manley, S., & Matthews, L. M. (2020). What Time May Tell: An Exploratory Study of the Relationship Between Religiosity, Temporal Orientation and Goals in Family Business. Journal of Business Ethics, 163(4), 759–773.10.1007/s10551-019-04386-3
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Pistrui, D., & Fahed-Sreih, J. (2010). Islam, Entrepreneurship, and Business Values in the Middle East. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management, 12(1), 107–118.10.1504/IJEIM.2010.033170
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Ratten, V., Ramadani, V., Dana, L. P., & Gërguri-Rashiti, S. (2017). Islamic Entrepreneurship and Management: Culture, Religion and Society. In V. Ramadani, L. P. Dana, S. Gërguri-Rashiti, & V. Ratten, Entrepreneurship and Management in an Islamic Context (pp. 7–17). Cham: Springer.10.1007/978-3-319-39679-8_2
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Reay, T., & Whetten, D. A. (2011). What Constitutes a Theoretical Contribution in Family Business? Family Business Review, 24(2), 105–110.10.1177/0894486511406427
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Redding, G. (1990). The Spirit of Chinese Capitalism. New York: Walter de Gruyter.10.1515/9783110887709
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Redding, G., & Witt, M. A. (2007). The Future of Chinese Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Rice, G. (2006). Pro-environmental Behavior in Egypt: Is there a Role for Islamic Environmental Ethics? Journal of Business Ethics, 65, 373–390.10.1007/s10551-006-0010-9
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Roscoe, P., Discua Cruz, A., & Howorth, C. (2013). How Does an Old Firm Learn New Tricks? A material account of entrepreneurial opportunity. Business History, 55(1), 53–72. DOI: 10.1080/00076791.2012.687540.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sabah, S., Carsrud, A. L., & Kocak, A. (2014). The Impact of Cultural Openness, Religion, and Nationalism on Entrepreneurial Intensity: Six Prototypical Cases of Turkish Family Firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 52(2), 306–324.10.1111/jsbm.12101
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sauser, W. I. Jr. (2005). Ethics in Business: Answering the Call. Journal of Business Ethics, 58(4), 345–357.10.1007/s10551-004-5715-z
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sharma, P. (2004). An Overview of the Field of Family Business Studies: Current Status and Directions for the Future. Family Business Review, 17(1): 1–36.10.1111/j.1741-6248.2004.00001.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shen, N., & Su, J. (2017). Religion and succession intention – Evidence from Chinese family firms. Journal of Corporate Finance, 45, 150–161.10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.04.012
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Shu, T., Sulaeman, J., & Yeung, P. E. (2010). Local Religious Beliefs and Organizational Risk-Taking Behaviors. Working paper. Retrieved from https://ou.edu/dam/price/Finance/files/Sulaeman%20Paper.pdf. Access: 14.07.2020.10.2139/ssrn.1523770
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Soleimanof, S., Rutherford, M. W., & Webb, J. W. (2018). The Inter-Section of Family Firms and Institutional Contexts: A Review and Agenda for Future Research. Family Business Review, 31(1), 32–53.10.1177/0894486517736446
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sorenson, R. L. (2013). How moral and social values become embedded in family firms. Journal of Management. Spirituality and Religion, 10(2), 116–137.10.1080/14766086.2012.758050
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Stryker, S., & Burke, P. J. (2000). The Past, Present, and Future of an Identity Theory. Social Psychology Quarterly, 63(4), 284–297.10.2307/2695840
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Sułkowski, Ł. (2013). A 3D model and typology of organizational culture. Journal of Inter-cultural Management, 5(2), 17–30.10.2478/joim-2013-0008
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tan, H. H., & Chee, D. (2005). Understanding Interpersonal Trust in a Confucian-influenced Society: An Exploratory Study. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management, 5(2), 197–212. DOI: 10.1177/1470595805054493.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Tracey, P. (2012). Religion and Organization: A Critical Review of Current Trends and Future Directions. The Academy of Management Annals, 6(1), 87–134.10.5465/19416520.2012.660761
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Treviño, L. K., Weaver, G. R., & Reynolds, S. J. (2006). Behavioral Ethics in Organizations: A Review. Journal of Management, 32(6), 951–990.10.1177/0149206306294258
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Trompenaars, F., & Turner, C. H. (1998). Riding the Waves of Culture. Understanding Cultural Diversity in Business. London: Nicholas Brealey Publishing.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Van Buren III, H. J., & Agle, B. R. (1998). Measuring Christian Beliefs that Affect Managerial Decision-Making: A Beginning. International Journal of Value-Based Management, 11(2), 159–177.10.1023/A:1007718425710
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Vitell, S. J., & Paolillo, G. L. (2003). Consumer Ethics: The Role of Religiosity. Journal of Business Ethics, 46(2), 151–162. DOI: 10.1023/A:1025081005272.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Weaver, G. R., & Agle, B. R. (2002). Religiosity and Ethical Behavior in Organizations: A Symbolic Interactionist Perspective. Academy of Management Review, 27(1), 77–97.10.2307/4134370
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Weber, M. (1905). The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism. London: Allen and Unwin.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Weber, M. (1951). The Religion of China: Confucianism and Taoism. Glencoe, Ill.: Free Press.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Werner, A. (2008). The Influence of Christian Identity on Some Owner–Managers’ Conceptualisations of Business Practice. Journal of Business Ethics, 82(2), 449–462.10.1007/s10551-008-9896-8
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Winter, M., Fitzgerald, M. A., Heck, R. K. Z., Haynes, G. W., & Danes, S. M. (1998). Revisiting the Study of Family Businesses: Methodological Challenges, Dilemmas, and Alternative Approaches. Family Business Review, 11(3), 239–252. DOI: 10.1111/j.1741-6248.1998.00239.x.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Woodhead, L. (2004). An introduction to Christianity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.10.1017/CBO9780511800863
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yan, J., & Sorenson, R. L. (2004). The Influence of Confucian Ideology on Conflict in Chinese Family Business. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management, 4(1), 5–17.10.1177/1470595804041521
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yan, J., & Sorenson, R. L. (2006). The Effect of Confucian Values on Succession in Family Business. Family Business Review, 19(3), 235–250.10.1111/j.1741-6248.2006.00072.x
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Yusof, M., Nor, L. M., & Hoopes, J. (2014). Virtuous CSR: an Islamic family business in Malaysia. Journal of Family Business Management, 4(2), 133–148.10.1108/JFBM-07-2013-0016
Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zellweger, T. M., Nason, R. S., Nordqvist, M., & Brush, C. G. (2013). Why Do Family Firms Strive for Nonfinancial Goals? An Organizational Identity Perspective. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 37(2), 229–248. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6520.2011.00466.
Open DOI Search in Google Scholar Back to article
Zimbardo, P. G., & Ruch, F. L. (1979). Psychology and Life. Pearson Scott Glenview, Ill.: Foresman, 10th Revised edition.
Search in Google Scholar Back to article