Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Congenital malformations in the offspring of women with epilepsy: a two-decade experience in Poland Cover

Congenital malformations in the offspring of women with epilepsy: a two-decade experience in Poland

Open Access
|Dec 2025

References

  1. Ahn D., Kim J., Kang J., Hak Kim Y., Kim K: Congenital anomalies and maternal age: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. AOGS, 2022. Epilepsy Behav., 2021, 114: 107569. doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107569.
  2. Battino D., Tomson T., Bonizzoni E., Craig J., Perucca E., Sabers A. et al.: Risk of Major Congenital Malformations and Exposure to Antiseizure Medication Monotherapy. JAMA Neurol., 2024, 8: 481–489. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2024.0258). EURAP An International Antiepileptic Drugs and Pregnancy Registry Interim Report – MAY 2025. www.eurapinternational.org EUROCAT: EUROCAT Guide 1 For the registration of congenital anomalies, https://eu-rd-platform.jrc.ec.europa.eu/sites/default/files/EUROCAT-Guide-1-1984.pdf
  3. Jędrzejczak J., Majkowska-Zwolińska B.: Patterns of antiseizure medication use in pregnant women with epilepsy: a 24-year observation in Poland. Neurol. Neurochir. Pol., 2025, 59: 245–253. DOI: 10.5603/pjnns.102936
  4. ICD-10: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/icd/icd-10-cm/index.html, dostęp 07.06. 2024
  5. Majkowska-Zwolińska B., Jędrzejczak J.: The Rate of and Factors Associated with Delivery by Caesarean Section among Women with Epilepsy: Time Trend in a Single-Centre Cohort in Mazovia, Poland. J. Clin. Med., 2022, 11 doi: 10.3390/jcm11092622
  6. Meador K., Reynolds M.W., Crean S., Fahrbach K., Probst C.: Pregnancy outcomes in women with epilepsy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of published pregnancy registries and cohorts. Epilepsy Res., 2008, 81: 1–13. doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2008.04.022.
  7. Meador K.J., Pennell P.B,. May R.C., Gerard E., Kalayian L., Vele-Ruiz A. and MONEAD Investigator Group: Changes in antiepileptic drug-prescribing patterns in pregnant women with epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav., 2018, 84: 10–14, doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.
  8. Meador K.J., Baker G.A., Browning N., Cohen M.J., Bromley R.L., Clayton-Smith J. and NEAD Study Group.: Fetal antiepileptic drug exposure and cognitive outcomes at age 6 years (NEAD study): a prospective observational study. Lancet Neurol., 2013, 12: 244–252.
  9. Morrow J., Russell A., Guthrie E., Parsons L., Robertson I., Waddell R., et al : Malformation risks of antiepileptic drugs in pregnancy: a prospective study from the UK Epilepsy and Pregnancy Register. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry, 2006, 77: 193–198. doi: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.074203.
  10. Pack A.M, Oskoui M., Williams Roberson S., Donley D.K., French J., Gerard E.E., et al: Teratogenesis, Perinatal, and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes After In Utero Exposure to Antiseizure Medication Practice Guideline From the AAN, AES, and SMFM. Neurology, 2024, 102: e209279. doi:10.1212/WNL.0000000000209279
  11. Tomson T., Battino D.: Teratogenic effects of antiepileptic medications. Neurol. Clin., 2009, 27: 993–1002. doi: 10.1016/j. ncl.2009.06.006. PMID: 19853219.
  12. Tomson T., Battino D., Bonizzoni E., Craig J., Lindhout D., Perucca E. et al.: Comparative risk of major congenital malformations with eight different antiepileptic drugs: a prospective cohort study of the EURAP registry. Lancet Neurol., 2018, 17: 530–538.
  13. Tomson T., Battino D., Bonizzoni E., Craig J., Lindhout D., Perucca E., et al.: Declining malformation rates with changed antiepileptic drug prescribing: an observational study. Neurology, 2019, 93: e831–e840.
  14. Vajda F., O’Brien T., Graham J., Hitchcock A., Perucca P., Lander C., Eadie M.: Changes over 24 years in a pregnancy register – Teratogenicity and epileptic seizure control. Epilepsy Behav., 2023, 148: 109482.
  15. Vajda F. J.E., O’Brien T. J., Graham J. E., Hitchcock A., Perucca P., Lander C.M., Eadie M.J.: The teratogenesis risk associated with antiseizure medication duotherapy in women with epilepsy. Epilepsy Res., 2024, 200: 107316.
  16. Vajda F.J.E., Hollingworth S., Graham J., Hitchcock A.A., O’Brien T.J., Lander C.M., Eadie M.J: Changing patterns of antiepileptic drug use in pregnant Australian women. Acta Neurol. Scand., 2010, 21: 89–93, doi: 10.1111/j.1600- 0404.2009.01260.x,
  17. Vajda F.J.E., O’Brien T.J., Graham J.E., Hitchcock A.A., Perucca P., Lander C.M., Eadie M.J.: Folic acid dose, valproate, and fetal malformations. Epilepsy Behav., 2021, 114: 107569.
  18. Weston J., Bromley R., Jackson C.F., Adab N., Clayton-Smith J., Greenhalgh J., et al: Monotherapy treatment of epilepsy in pregnancy: congenital malformation outcomes in the child. Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 2016, 11: CD010224. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010224.pub2. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev., 2023, 8: CD010224. doi: 10.1002/14651858. CD010224.pub3.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/joepi-2025-0001 | Journal eISSN: 2299-9728 | Journal ISSN: 2300-0147
Language: English
Page range: 3 - 10
Submitted on: Oct 20, 2025
Accepted on: Nov 21, 2025
Published on: Dec 10, 2025
Published by: The Foundation of Epileptology
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2025 Joanna Jędrzejczak, Beata Majkowska-Zwolińska, published by The Foundation of Epileptology
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 33 (2025): Issue 1 (December 2025)