Figure 1:
![Tetra-polar impedance measurement scheme [3].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/65b92df1b81b0e1a1e5d179a/j_joeb-2024-0005_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKJGVPKVJV%2F20260320%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260320T150528Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEG0aDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIB9gmzaM3AnVNsXGFL5%2BURAzUZVogRkTDKEWfjQbTjJKAiEAvMlztmb5V0zGK6glw4lKVi9%2BZvfKivg2XRIuH%2ByVgkgqvAUINhACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDBHKJQFPI9vgHBoYWSqZBUwwy8aAP%2BkLpWYIC0j%2FHo9xJTCYQgkt1WGX7O8DbVkcI8GRciQLUrh2no0rnP4%2FjLhSZAp%2BIHliy2O3Ljm05Ts0uSk1k3gSfr7ljLkNZaafcr3hQuXwr4mOgFIFc1phOLCTBH6vpJ7TUuI7IRVM8brJDY%2FNM9TNtcg8CIdpoBb%2Bgt6PELHHuh5Z85%2BkkUKoK7EFcTduurZWPHbWu%2FzQl8553hSZJzHfdI%2BpGlVZ9oUu3bN%2FPQF5XCQVInLrHvuihEKHYdHiAAaWpnfiKtJgjkxElKkyy2qjd8SawCaaGWtBIhRa04VztT%2B29tCoDZajQuJZiCmhkYOyWgaMwOw%2BLd8WdsIz1yeKz%2FPBB06m05JV5oQK2GNMuhSSYoS3TW2YBeVHb8yQejYYxxI4rPco1W03uLlQWUPeyXCPtpG1nVUxY3LMi78xqyK5TM2pCNag1c8ULqis2I8otwcidNQkf%2BWihjm%2BaIjHUmAlmosp8%2F17nvS2qJ7gAHszj8ym8lT01fcaNxVQDbHma3SctCWThBbXAczv4SxDrmR8ZD8Qxd4k%2B7WCWeycNatz8%2FScll00hZPVZfGxfhp3n%2F9FH3vcyjjKoKGgZHCgEwNWBAVicHXaRdJzmlUR1w%2FfEE%2FfNyqU2dfunP3BwbZcLzDV30DI9zf03cmHbPLfJRhm8dXl1AH5Ou9k0TblSnwVVuoY5VGuQZAzA4dkjTZ1%2F%2BQW8bJbV8qQTuxeX6zRYmNuyLJz2IGEMTVZ0y3glqXgTHHqbIMjFMEZfmAwF%2FW9aa%2FeKLQ6eNtGyY0%2FK7Tv8lQzsgCpKNYXXYd6XZp3P0%2FFv6n%2BtrNK2ZAO5FsLut0SVGjR6mbQ6khZdYxIWU8yLKuATdhU%2BJrzJYwgiUsYYBo3MI2N9c0GOrEBQDmJK7FWICksyhXAGonmt%2FUYN4pNo5Z8fSAgigav1f5GvNq2ZXQiQHXO%2Fd5K7UL7MzQjkzPrbBVRrGbRRgQ9Lt8pn0uPPUO5yd8yIcUMz5uvoL0WzzbEv8xVZ4%2F7Pd6eXx3c%2Btla0zsQA2%2Fv7FUVkwPfoy%2FTqvFtkHks07DpELASYr%2BudnsDLhQbeU%2FF7qKg1JCeB3pU3PCBMHdnFWemJs1UV80jb1rEXd1hwSCb%2FLJP&X-Amz-Signature=3ef818b8e1fcb6461556b772bed3e954b7862f370ec8d05f0285c404b7864177&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 2:
![Basic concept of FIM-6 [3].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/65b92df1b81b0e1a1e5d179a/j_joeb-2024-0005_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKJGVPKVJV%2F20260320%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260320T150528Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEG0aDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIB9gmzaM3AnVNsXGFL5%2BURAzUZVogRkTDKEWfjQbTjJKAiEAvMlztmb5V0zGK6glw4lKVi9%2BZvfKivg2XRIuH%2ByVgkgqvAUINhACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDBHKJQFPI9vgHBoYWSqZBUwwy8aAP%2BkLpWYIC0j%2FHo9xJTCYQgkt1WGX7O8DbVkcI8GRciQLUrh2no0rnP4%2FjLhSZAp%2BIHliy2O3Ljm05Ts0uSk1k3gSfr7ljLkNZaafcr3hQuXwr4mOgFIFc1phOLCTBH6vpJ7TUuI7IRVM8brJDY%2FNM9TNtcg8CIdpoBb%2Bgt6PELHHuh5Z85%2BkkUKoK7EFcTduurZWPHbWu%2FzQl8553hSZJzHfdI%2BpGlVZ9oUu3bN%2FPQF5XCQVInLrHvuihEKHYdHiAAaWpnfiKtJgjkxElKkyy2qjd8SawCaaGWtBIhRa04VztT%2B29tCoDZajQuJZiCmhkYOyWgaMwOw%2BLd8WdsIz1yeKz%2FPBB06m05JV5oQK2GNMuhSSYoS3TW2YBeVHb8yQejYYxxI4rPco1W03uLlQWUPeyXCPtpG1nVUxY3LMi78xqyK5TM2pCNag1c8ULqis2I8otwcidNQkf%2BWihjm%2BaIjHUmAlmosp8%2F17nvS2qJ7gAHszj8ym8lT01fcaNxVQDbHma3SctCWThBbXAczv4SxDrmR8ZD8Qxd4k%2B7WCWeycNatz8%2FScll00hZPVZfGxfhp3n%2F9FH3vcyjjKoKGgZHCgEwNWBAVicHXaRdJzmlUR1w%2FfEE%2FfNyqU2dfunP3BwbZcLzDV30DI9zf03cmHbPLfJRhm8dXl1AH5Ou9k0TblSnwVVuoY5VGuQZAzA4dkjTZ1%2F%2BQW8bJbV8qQTuxeX6zRYmNuyLJz2IGEMTVZ0y3glqXgTHHqbIMjFMEZfmAwF%2FW9aa%2FeKLQ6eNtGyY0%2FK7Tv8lQzsgCpKNYXXYd6XZp3P0%2FFv6n%2BtrNK2ZAO5FsLut0SVGjR6mbQ6khZdYxIWU8yLKuATdhU%2BJrzJYwgiUsYYBo3MI2N9c0GOrEBQDmJK7FWICksyhXAGonmt%2FUYN4pNo5Z8fSAgigav1f5GvNq2ZXQiQHXO%2Fd5K7UL7MzQjkzPrbBVRrGbRRgQ9Lt8pn0uPPUO5yd8yIcUMz5uvoL0WzzbEv8xVZ4%2F7Pd6eXx3c%2Btla0zsQA2%2Fv7FUVkwPfoy%2FTqvFtkHks07DpELASYr%2BudnsDLhQbeU%2FF7qKg1JCeB3pU3PCBMHdnFWemJs1UV80jb1rEXd1hwSCb%2FLJP&X-Amz-Signature=127eaebaff2b3ac00c7e08277ec1549d34e70f2c3fad8a4cfd1062468e3b4e8f&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
Figure 3:

Figure 4:

Figure 5:

Figure 6:

Figure 7:

Figure 8:

Figure 9:

Figure 10:

Figure 11:

Figure 12:

Figure 13:

Figure 14:

![Tetra-polar impedance measurement scheme [3].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/65b92df1b81b0e1a1e5d179a/j_joeb-2024-0005_fig_001.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKJGVPKVJV%2F20260320%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260320T150528Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEG0aDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIB9gmzaM3AnVNsXGFL5%2BURAzUZVogRkTDKEWfjQbTjJKAiEAvMlztmb5V0zGK6glw4lKVi9%2BZvfKivg2XRIuH%2ByVgkgqvAUINhACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDBHKJQFPI9vgHBoYWSqZBUwwy8aAP%2BkLpWYIC0j%2FHo9xJTCYQgkt1WGX7O8DbVkcI8GRciQLUrh2no0rnP4%2FjLhSZAp%2BIHliy2O3Ljm05Ts0uSk1k3gSfr7ljLkNZaafcr3hQuXwr4mOgFIFc1phOLCTBH6vpJ7TUuI7IRVM8brJDY%2FNM9TNtcg8CIdpoBb%2Bgt6PELHHuh5Z85%2BkkUKoK7EFcTduurZWPHbWu%2FzQl8553hSZJzHfdI%2BpGlVZ9oUu3bN%2FPQF5XCQVInLrHvuihEKHYdHiAAaWpnfiKtJgjkxElKkyy2qjd8SawCaaGWtBIhRa04VztT%2B29tCoDZajQuJZiCmhkYOyWgaMwOw%2BLd8WdsIz1yeKz%2FPBB06m05JV5oQK2GNMuhSSYoS3TW2YBeVHb8yQejYYxxI4rPco1W03uLlQWUPeyXCPtpG1nVUxY3LMi78xqyK5TM2pCNag1c8ULqis2I8otwcidNQkf%2BWihjm%2BaIjHUmAlmosp8%2F17nvS2qJ7gAHszj8ym8lT01fcaNxVQDbHma3SctCWThBbXAczv4SxDrmR8ZD8Qxd4k%2B7WCWeycNatz8%2FScll00hZPVZfGxfhp3n%2F9FH3vcyjjKoKGgZHCgEwNWBAVicHXaRdJzmlUR1w%2FfEE%2FfNyqU2dfunP3BwbZcLzDV30DI9zf03cmHbPLfJRhm8dXl1AH5Ou9k0TblSnwVVuoY5VGuQZAzA4dkjTZ1%2F%2BQW8bJbV8qQTuxeX6zRYmNuyLJz2IGEMTVZ0y3glqXgTHHqbIMjFMEZfmAwF%2FW9aa%2FeKLQ6eNtGyY0%2FK7Tv8lQzsgCpKNYXXYd6XZp3P0%2FFv6n%2BtrNK2ZAO5FsLut0SVGjR6mbQ6khZdYxIWU8yLKuATdhU%2BJrzJYwgiUsYYBo3MI2N9c0GOrEBQDmJK7FWICksyhXAGonmt%2FUYN4pNo5Z8fSAgigav1f5GvNq2ZXQiQHXO%2Fd5K7UL7MzQjkzPrbBVRrGbRRgQ9Lt8pn0uPPUO5yd8yIcUMz5uvoL0WzzbEv8xVZ4%2F7Pd6eXx3c%2Btla0zsQA2%2Fv7FUVkwPfoy%2FTqvFtkHks07DpELASYr%2BudnsDLhQbeU%2FF7qKg1JCeB3pU3PCBMHdnFWemJs1UV80jb1rEXd1hwSCb%2FLJP&X-Amz-Signature=3ef818b8e1fcb6461556b772bed3e954b7862f370ec8d05f0285c404b7864177&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)
![Basic concept of FIM-6 [3].](https://sciendo-parsed.s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/65b92df1b81b0e1a1e5d179a/j_joeb-2024-0005_fig_002.jpg?X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Content-Sha256=UNSIGNED-PAYLOAD&X-Amz-Credential=ASIA6AP2G7AKJGVPKVJV%2F20260320%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Date=20260320T150528Z&X-Amz-Expires=3600&X-Amz-Security-Token=IQoJb3JpZ2luX2VjEG0aDGV1LWNlbnRyYWwtMSJHMEUCIB9gmzaM3AnVNsXGFL5%2BURAzUZVogRkTDKEWfjQbTjJKAiEAvMlztmb5V0zGK6glw4lKVi9%2BZvfKivg2XRIuH%2ByVgkgqvAUINhACGgw5NjMxMzQyODk5NDAiDBHKJQFPI9vgHBoYWSqZBUwwy8aAP%2BkLpWYIC0j%2FHo9xJTCYQgkt1WGX7O8DbVkcI8GRciQLUrh2no0rnP4%2FjLhSZAp%2BIHliy2O3Ljm05Ts0uSk1k3gSfr7ljLkNZaafcr3hQuXwr4mOgFIFc1phOLCTBH6vpJ7TUuI7IRVM8brJDY%2FNM9TNtcg8CIdpoBb%2Bgt6PELHHuh5Z85%2BkkUKoK7EFcTduurZWPHbWu%2FzQl8553hSZJzHfdI%2BpGlVZ9oUu3bN%2FPQF5XCQVInLrHvuihEKHYdHiAAaWpnfiKtJgjkxElKkyy2qjd8SawCaaGWtBIhRa04VztT%2B29tCoDZajQuJZiCmhkYOyWgaMwOw%2BLd8WdsIz1yeKz%2FPBB06m05JV5oQK2GNMuhSSYoS3TW2YBeVHb8yQejYYxxI4rPco1W03uLlQWUPeyXCPtpG1nVUxY3LMi78xqyK5TM2pCNag1c8ULqis2I8otwcidNQkf%2BWihjm%2BaIjHUmAlmosp8%2F17nvS2qJ7gAHszj8ym8lT01fcaNxVQDbHma3SctCWThBbXAczv4SxDrmR8ZD8Qxd4k%2B7WCWeycNatz8%2FScll00hZPVZfGxfhp3n%2F9FH3vcyjjKoKGgZHCgEwNWBAVicHXaRdJzmlUR1w%2FfEE%2FfNyqU2dfunP3BwbZcLzDV30DI9zf03cmHbPLfJRhm8dXl1AH5Ou9k0TblSnwVVuoY5VGuQZAzA4dkjTZ1%2F%2BQW8bJbV8qQTuxeX6zRYmNuyLJz2IGEMTVZ0y3glqXgTHHqbIMjFMEZfmAwF%2FW9aa%2FeKLQ6eNtGyY0%2FK7Tv8lQzsgCpKNYXXYd6XZp3P0%2FFv6n%2BtrNK2ZAO5FsLut0SVGjR6mbQ6khZdYxIWU8yLKuATdhU%2BJrzJYwgiUsYYBo3MI2N9c0GOrEBQDmJK7FWICksyhXAGonmt%2FUYN4pNo5Z8fSAgigav1f5GvNq2ZXQiQHXO%2Fd5K7UL7MzQjkzPrbBVRrGbRRgQ9Lt8pn0uPPUO5yd8yIcUMz5uvoL0WzzbEv8xVZ4%2F7Pd6eXx3c%2Btla0zsQA2%2Fv7FUVkwPfoy%2FTqvFtkHks07DpELASYr%2BudnsDLhQbeU%2FF7qKg1JCeB3pU3PCBMHdnFWemJs1UV80jb1rEXd1hwSCb%2FLJP&X-Amz-Signature=127eaebaff2b3ac00c7e08277ec1549d34e70f2c3fad8a4cfd1062468e3b4e8f&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&x-amz-checksum-mode=ENABLED&x-id=GetObject)












© 2024 Trilochan Khanal, K Siddique-e Rabbani, published by University of Oslo
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