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Rheoencephalography: A non-invasive method for neuromonitoring Cover

Rheoencephalography: A non-invasive method for neuromonitoring

Open Access
|Mar 2024

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1:

Trace of REG signal with Silverlon electrodes with Cerberus amplifier. The time window is 33.125 sec. The Y axis is in volt; the X axis is in second.

Fig. 2:

Boxplot of bioimpedance pulse peak values in Silverlon and Velcro electrodes (n=14 peaks). The difference is significant (p =0.0052).

Fig. 3:

Upper two traces: 10 Hz sinus ±1 V labeled as head and arm, imitating REG, and arm bioimpedance pulses. Channels are in phase on the left and right sides; in the middle, the head pulses were inverted indicated by minimal amplitude increase—lower trace: Pearson’s correlation coefficient calculation (PRx). The left side indicates passive CBF AR, value is +1. The first PRx number is 300 sec. During the phase inversion, the value changes to −1, indicating active CBF AR status.

Fig. 4:

The two 10 Hz sinus ±1 V waves imitating head and arm pulse waves. On the left side in phase. On the right side is the inverted portion. The phase inversion starts at 988.35 seconds - time window: 0.965 min.

Fig. 5:

Trace of bifrontal REG (upper trace) on a tilting table. BH indicates the breath holdings. Under its label are the blood pressure (systolic/diastolic) numbers. The middle traces are the REGx traces. The lower trace shows fragments of REG during breath-holding (left side) and transition from horizontal to HDT position (right side). Arrows indicate the location of magnified portions. The Y-axis is in Volt. The X-axis is in seconds. The window size is 2630 seconds, 43.83 min. The file name is April 26 1.

Fig. 6:

Fragments of recording of bifrontal and bitemporal REG pulse waves during control/rest (before HDT position; 0o), on the left side) and during HDT positions (-15o) (on the right side) in four subjects. The color indicates derivation. The Y axis is in Volt. X axis is in seconds. The window size is about 3 sec. Subjects are labeled by the recording date, for example, 4.5.1: the first recording that day.

Fig. 7:

Change of P2 amplitude of REG pulse waves in female (n=6; on the left) and in the male group (n=13; on the right) before (control/baseline; 0o) and during HDT position (–15o). P<0.0001 in both groups. 95% confidence interval −0.04123 to −0.02710 in the female group and −0.05796 to −0.05178 for males.

Fig. 8:

Averages of male and female groups bifrontal REGx during rest and HDT position. The correlation coefficient is 0.49; the statistical significance is 0.03. Note the difference during HDT. During this period, the correlation coefficient is 0.21; the statistical significance is p=0.0002. REGx decreased at the start of HDT, indicating the active status of CBF AR.

Fig. 9:

Comparison of cerebrovascular reactivity measured by 3 methods for 30 seconds breath-holding (BH), hyperventilation (HV), and CO2 inhalation (n=10). The figure was created from study data [41].

REG P1 and P2 amplitudes (means of 5-10 pulse peak values) during control and HDT in four subjects, calculated from pulse waves presented in Fig_ 6_ The amplitude difference was calculated as a percentage of the control/baseline (BL%)_ REGx R2: correlation coefficient of bifrontal and bitemporal REGx during the full time of the recording_ The sample traces are presented in Fig_6_ Arm bioimpedance recordings were missing in the case of the 4_5_1 subject, consequently, there was no REGx calculation_

REG peak values and REGx correlation coefficients
P1P2P1P2REGx
April 5.1R2
Control0.430.350.470.37N/A
HDT0.420.590.470.58
BL%−0.3336.3226.2757.97
April 11
Control0.710.580.70.570.75
HDT0.710.630.70.63
BL%−0.167.640.18.99
April 19.2
Control0.770.670.730.670.65
HDT0.730.730.70.67
BL%−4.748.91−4.10.71
April 21.1
Control0.810.660.810.670.55
HDT0.780.740.760.77
BL%−2.8912.01−5.7816.04
Language: English
Page range: 10 - 25
Submitted on: Dec 7, 2023
Published on: Mar 13, 2024
Published by: University of Oslo
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2024 Sandor Szabo, Zsolt Totka, Jozsef Nagy-Bozsoky, Istvan Pinter, Mihaly Bagany, Michael Bodo, published by University of Oslo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.