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Characteristics of Rheoencephalography and some associated factors on menopausal women

Journal of Electrical Bioimpedance
Volume 13 (2022): Issue 1 (January 2022)
By:
Open Access
|Dec 2022

Figures & Tables

Fig.1

Typical REG curve of a healthy (normal) and a sclerotic person. Note the difference in the peak time of REG curves for normal patients (92 milliseconds) and sclerotic patients (256 milliseconds). This difference has pathological meaning, independent of heart rate [18].
Typical REG curve of a healthy (normal) and a sclerotic person. Note the difference in the peak time of REG curves for normal patients (92 milliseconds) and sclerotic patients (256 milliseconds). This difference has pathological meaning, independent of heart rate [18].

Fig.2

Diagrammatic presentation of compiled data on time (in seconds) between the onset of a phase and highest (first) peak, averaged from 100 phases of each patient (Pt) of 178 normal (Norm) subjects and 246 patients with proven cerebral arteriosclerosis (Ascl). All of which had been submitted to carotid arteriography. Unit of the Y-axis is the incidence or case number (frequency) [38].
Diagrammatic presentation of compiled data on time (in seconds) between the onset of a phase and highest (first) peak, averaged from 100 phases of each patient (Pt) of 178 normal (Norm) subjects and 246 patients with proven cerebral arteriosclerosis (Ascl). All of which had been submitted to carotid arteriography. Unit of the Y-axis is the incidence or case number (frequency) [38].

Fig.3

(a) REG monitoring device, (b) system of electrodes, (c) electrode attachment sites.
(a) REG monitoring device, (b) system of electrodes, (c) electrode attachment sites.

Characteristics of REG in each hemisphere of the brain in the group of menopausal and menstruating women

CharacteristicsRight hemisphereLeft hemisphere
Menopause (n=80)Menstruation (n=46)pMenopause (n=80)Menstruation (n=46)p
WaveshapePeak waveSharp21 (26.2%)23 (50.0%)0.001*23 (28.8%)24 (52.2%)0.004*
Obtuse39 (48.8%)22 (47.8%)42 (52.5%)21 (45.7%)
Domed20 (25.0%)1 (2.2%)15 (18.7%)1 (2.1%)
SubwaveClear11 (13.8%)20 (43.5%)<0.001*13 (16.2%)21 (45.6%)<0.001*
Blurred45 (56.2%)25 (54.3%)47 (58.8%)24 (52.2%)
Absent24 (30.0%)1 (2.2%)20 (25.0%)1 (2.2%)
REG ParametersPeak time (ms)212.19±29.48192.11±37.100.001**211.64±30.33186.43±41.26<0.001**
Peak width (ms)74.89±10.1889.89±20.33<0.001**75.31±9.7588.54±15.11<0.001**
Conduction time (ms)112.48±14.89124.65±18.60<0.001**111.43±15.16123.89±19.09<0.001**
Elasticity Index alpha/T (%)28.36±2.2825.70±3.00<0.001**28.26±2.2825.51±3.94<0.001**
Slope ratio (‰/second)8.61±2.46±3.3811.77<0.001**9.33±2.7012.53±3.22<0.001**
ABF (%/minute)19.47±5.0823.17±7.320.001**20.85±5.0224.89±8.220.002**
Impedance ratio (‰)0.91±0.240.96±0.240.309**0.98±0.251.01±0.230.449**
DisordersIncreased vascular resistance (%)67.530.4<0.001*65.028.3<0.001*
Decreased intensity of blood flow (%)16.28.7>0.05*13.84.3>0.05*

Characteristics of menopausal women

Characteristics Number(n = 80)Percentage (%)
Age (years)Mean ± SD: 59.60 ± 8.79 (Min: 43 - Max: 85)
<50911.25
50 – 603442.5
>603746.25
Age of menopause (years)Mean ± SD: 49.55 ± 3.66 (Min: 41 - Max: 57)
<4567.5
45-504455
>503037.5
Time of menopause (years)Mean ± SD: 10.1 ± 8.1 (Min: 1 - Max: 34)
<53037.5
5 – 101822.5
10 – 202126.25
>201113.75
BMI (kg/m2)Mean ± SD: 24.44 ± 3.15 (Min: 18 - Max: 33)
<18.5 (skinny)10.8
18.5 – 22.9 (normal)2116.7
23 – 24.9 (overweight)2015.9
≥25 (obese)3830.2
Central obese7087.5

Some factors related to abnormalities in REG

CharacteristicsRight hemisphereLeft hemisphere
Increased vascular resistancepDecreased intensity of blood flowpIncreased vascular resistancepDecreased intensity of blood flowp
Age (years)<5077.80.05833.30.12277.80.00444.40.016
50-6079.420.682.411.8
>6054.18.145.98.1
Time of menopause (years)<583.30.13120.00.46383.30.02016.70.463
5-1061.116.766.711.1
10-2057.119.052.419.0
>2054.50.036.40.0
Protein eating habitVegan75.00.2060.00.05750.00.0460.00.084
Red meat81.831.886.427.3
White meat61.111.157.49.3
History of hypertension (JNC 7)Grade II73.30.80216.70.99770.00.52110.00.578
Grade I64.314.357.17.1
Pre-hypertension66.716.770.820.8
Normal58.316.750.016.7
History of diabetesType 2 diabetes64.30.7777.10.309500.1957.10.429
Normal68.218.268.215.2
History of dyslipidemiaDyslipidemia73.30.38816.70.93866.70.80913.30.933
Normal64.016.064.014.0
BMIObese65.80.33513.20.14465.80.37810.50.238
Overweight80.030.075.025.0
Skinny or normal59.19.154.59.1
Central obesityLikely to have71.40.047*17.10.56770.00.013**85.70.713
Not to have40.010.030.090.0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/joeb-2022-0012 | Journal eISSN: 1891-5469
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Language: English
Page range: 78 - 87
Submitted on: Aug 3, 2022
Published on: Dec 18, 2022
Published by: University of Oslo
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 times per year
Keywords:
rheoencephalography,
menopause,
central obesity,
women,
Vietnam
Related subjects:
Engineering,
Bioengineering and biomedical engineering,
Biomedical electronics,
Life sciences,
Biophysics,
Medicine,
Biomedical engineering,
Physics,
Spectroscopy and metrology

© 2022 Tin Hoang Nguyen, Kien Trung Nguyen, Long Duc Tran, An Thi Thuy Le, Thu Minh Phung, Truc Thi Ngoc Banh, Trang Thi Vo, Michael Bodo, published by University of Oslo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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