Influence of acute water ingestion and prolonged standing on raw bioimpedance and subsequent body fluid and composition estimates

Grant M. Tinsley; Matthew T. Stratton; Patrick S. Harty; Abegale D. Williams; Sarah J. White; Christian Rodriguez; Jacob R. Dellinger; Baylor A. Johnson; Robert W. Smith; Eric T. Trexler

doi:10.2478/joeb-2022-0003

Figures & Tables

Body Mass and Total Body Composition. Changes between baseline and subsequent time points are displayed for body mass (A – B), fat mass (C – D), and lean body mass (E – F). Linear mixed model coefficients (b) and their 95% confidence intervals are displayed in panels A, C, and E. For all models, the reference groups were control (i.e., no water consumption) for condition and the baseline assessment for time. * indicates p ≤ 0.05; ** indicates p ≤ 0.01; *** indicates p ≤ 0.001.

Raw Bioimpedance at 50 kHz. Changes between baseline and subsequent time points are displayed for right arm impedance at the 50 kHz measurement frequency (A – B), trunk impedance at the 50 kHz measurement frequency (C – D), right leg impedance at the 50 kHz measurement frequency (E – F), and whole body phase angle at the 50 kHz frequency (G – H). Linear mixed model coefficients (b) and their 95% confidence intervals are displayed in panels A, C, E, and G. For all models, the reference groups were control (i.e., no water consumption) for condition and the baseline assessment for time. * indicates p ≤ 0.05; ** indicates p ≤ 0.01; *** indicates p ≤ 0.001.

Body Fluids. Changes between baseline and subsequent time points are displayed for total body water (A – B), intracellular water (C – D), and extracellular water (E – F). Linear mixed model coefficients (b) and their 95% confidence intervals are displayed in panels A, C, and E. For all models, the reference groups were control (i.e., no water consumption) for condition and the baseline assessment for time. * indicates p ≤ 0.05; ** indicates p ≤ 0.01; *** indicates p ≤ 0.001.

Participant characteristics_ Data presented as mean ± SD_

	All (n=20)	Females (n=10)	Males (n=10)
Age (y)	22.2 ± 2.7	21.1 ± 1.6	23.2 ± 3.3
Height (cm)	172.9 ± 10.4	166.2 ± 6.1	179.6 ± 9.5
Weight (kg)	73.3 ± 20.4	59.0 ± 8.4	87.6 ± 18.8
BMI (kg/m²)	24.1 ± 4.3	21.3 ± 2.3	27.0 ± 4.1
Body fat (%)	21.8 ± 5.5	23.0 ± 4.0	20.5 ± 6.6

j_joeb-2022-0003_tab_002

	Condition	Time	Condition*Time
Body mass	0.0003	<0.0001	<0.0001
Total body water	0.06	0.0003	0.63
Intracellular water	0.08	<0.0001	0.36
Extracellular water	0.06	0.26	0.90
Dry lean mass	0.24	<0.0001	0.11
Fat mass	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Lean body mass	0.09	0.0001	0.45
Skeletal muscle mass	0.07	<0.0001	0.42
Body fat percentage	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0001
Right arm lean body mass	0.0003	0.002	0.49
Left arm lean body mass	0.02	0.01	0.54
Trunk lean body mass	0.01	0.002	0.55
Right leg lean body mass	0.76	0.0001	0.29
Left leg lean body mass	0.98	<0.0001	0.86
Right arm total body water	0.0003	0.001	0.37
Left arm total body water	0.02	0.01	0.43
Trunk total body water	0.01	0.002	0.63
Right leg total body water	0.76	<0.0001	0.18
Left leg total body water	0.95	<0.0001	0.92
Right arm intracellular water	0.001	0.003	0.49
Left arm intracellular water	0.02	0.02	0.60
Trunk intracellular water	0.01	<0.0001	0.72
Right leg intracellular water	0.91	0.54	0.04
Left leg intracellular water	0.95	0.11	0.28
Right arm extracellular water	0.0002	0.001	0.20
Left arm extracellular water	0.03	0.01	0.10
Trunk extracellular water	0.00	0.25	0.37
Right leg extracellular water	0.67	<0.0001	0.19
Left leg extracellular water	0.87	<0.0001	0.80
Right arm fat mass	0.00	<0.0001	0.01
Left arm fat mass	0.00	<0.0001	0.001
Trunk fat mass	<0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Right leg fat mass	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.0003
Left leg fat mass	<0.0001	<0.0001	0.04
Visceral adipose tissue area	0.0001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Right arm Z at 1 kHz	0.0002	<0.0001	<0.0001
Left arm Z at 1 kHz	0.001	<0.0001	<0.0001
Trunk Z at 1 kHz	0.50	0.22	0.08
Right leg Z at 1 kHz	0.24	<0.0001	0.01
Left leg Z at 1 kHz	0.36	<0.0001	0.08
Right arm Z at 5 kHz	0.00	<0.0001	<0.0001
Left arm Z at 5 kHz	0.00	<0.0001	<0.0001
Trunk Z at 5 kHz	0.34	0.09	0.12
Right leg Z at 5 kHz	0.25	<0.0001	0.03
Left leg Z at 5 kHz	0.34	<0.0001	0.02
Right arm Z at 50 kHz	0.0002	0.0002	<0.0001
Left arm Z at 50 kHz	0.002	0.001	0.0001
Trunk Z at 50 kHz	0.24	0.16	0.12
Right leg Z at 50 kHz	0.25	<0.0001	0.05
Left leg Z at 50 kHz	0.36	<0.0001	0.01
Right arm Z at 250 kHz	0.0001	0.001	0.0004
Left arm Z at 250 kHz	0.001	0.0004	0.001
Trunk Z at 250 kHz	0.30	0.47	0.13
Right leg Z at 250 kHz	0.24	<0.0001	0.08
Left leg Z at 250 kHz	0.33	<0.0001	0.002
Right arm Z at 500 kHz	0.0001	0.0008	0.001
Left arm Z at 500 kHz	0.002	0.0001	0.002
Trunk Z at 500 kHz	0.22	0.67	0.11
Right leg Z at 500 kHz	0.22	<0.0001	0.08
Left leg Z at 500 kHz	0.25	<0.0001	0.001
Right arm Z at 1000 kHz	0.0001	0.001	0.001
Left arm Z at 1000 kHz	0.00	<0.0001	0.01
Trunk Z at 1000 kHz	0.39	0.89	0.09
Right leg Z at 1000 kHz	0.18	<0.0001	0.05
Left leg Z at 1000 kHz	0.33	<0.0001	0.004
Right arm Xc at 5 kHz	0.0004	<0.0001	<0.0001
Left arm Xc at 5 kHz	0.001	<0.0001	0.0002
Trunk Xc at 5 kHz	0.51	0.0004	0.21
Right leg Xc at 5 kHz	0.22	<0.0001	0.05
Left leg Xc at 5 kHz	0.28	<0.0001	0.29
Right arm Xc at 50 kHz	0.00	<0.0001	<0.0001
Left arm Xc at 50 kHz	0.01	<0.0001	0.001
Trunk Xc at 50 kHz	0.77	0.03	0.18
Right leg Xc at 50 kHz	0.29	<0.0001	0.01
Left leg Xc at 50 kHz	0.33	<0.0001	0.01
Right arm Xc at 250 kHz	0.07	0.71	0.005
Left arm Xc at 250 kHz	0.001	0.02	0.0001
Trunk Xc at 250 kHz	0.30	0.46	0.14
Right leg Xc at 250 kHz	0.25	<0.0001	0.01
Left leg Xc at 250 kHz	0.17	<0.0001	0.01
Right arm ϕ	0.29	0.01	0.002
Left arm ϕ	0.45	0.002	0.17
Trunk ϕ	0.62	0.12	0.13
Right leg ϕ	0.41	<0.0001	0.02
Left leg ϕ	0.41	<0.0001	0.01
Whole body ϕ	0.33	0.01	0.0004
Urine specific gravity	0.03	0.004	0.0004

Influence of acute water ingestion and prolonged standing on raw bioimpedance and subsequent body fluid and composition estimates

Figures & Tables

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Participant characteristics_ Data presented as mean ± SD_

j_joeb-2022-0003_tab_002

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