Figure 1
Graphical technique used to analyze the IPG waveform.
Figure 2
Impedance electrode locations on humans and Rhesus monkeys.
Table 1
Percent segmental volumes relative to control values after 4 hours of −6 degrees head down tilt.
| GROUP | TIME | NUMBER | CAFM | CAFSE | THIM | THISE | PELM | PELSE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HUMAN | 240 | 12 | 0.947 | 0.011 | 0.976 | 0.008 | 1.031 | 0.037 |
| RHESUS | 240 | 8 | 0.931 | 0.037 | 0.965 | 0.034 | 0.997 | 0.027 |
| GROUP | TIME | NUMBER | TORM | TORSE | UARMM | UARMSE | LARM | LARMSE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HUMAN | 240 | 12 | 1.018 | 0.013 | 0.998 | 0.018 | 0.989 | 0.010 |
| RHESUS | 240 | 8 | 1.040 | 0.015 | 1.043 | 0.022 | 0.970 | 0.025 |
[i] Segment designation: CAF=calf, THI=thigh, PEL=pelvic, TOR=torso, UARM=upper arm, LARM=lower arm
[ii] Segment name - M = Group mean percent volume change from control
[iii] Segment name - SE = Group standard error
Figure 3
Human and Rhesus monkey % volume index change after 4 hr, −6 deg HDT. * Significantly different (P<0.05) than similar segment of human subjects
Figure 4
Calf Waveform parameters at 4 hr HDT. * Significantly different (P<0.05) than similar segment of human subjects.
Figure 5
Forearm pulse waveform parameters at 4 hr HDT. No significant differences between Rhesus monkeys and humans.
Table 2
Percent calf and forearm pulse waveform parameter indices relative to control values after 4 hours of −6 degrees head down tilt.
| GROUP | TIME | NUMBER | RI-M | RI-SE | DCI-M | DCI-SE | DSI-M | DSI-SE | AI-M | AI-SE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HUMAN-CALF | 240 | 12 | 1.000 | 0.074 | 1.030 | 0.096 | 0.910 | 0.109 | 1.048 | 0.053 |
| RHESUS-CALF | 240 | 8 | 1.068 | 0.173 | 0.754 | 0.095 | 0.727 | 0.107 | 1.021 | 0.051 |
| HUMAN-L.ARM | 240 | 12 | 1.264 | 0.080 | 1.087 | 0.141 | 1.008 | 0.099 | 1.070 | 0.122 |
| RHESUS-L.ARM | 240 | 8 | 0.890 | 0.236 | 0.967 | 0.030 | 0.954 | 0.047 | 0.949 | 0.027 |
[i] Segment name - M = Group mean percent volume change from control
[ii] Segment name - SE = Group standard error