Fig.1
Mono-polar ESU Modes.
Fig.2
Bi-polar ESU Modes.
Fig.3
Block diagram of the proposed ESU.
Fig.4
Equivalent electric circuit of a biological tissue.
Fig.5
PID-ZNS controller for the proposed ESU.
Fig.6
FLC-PID controller for the proposed ESU.
Fig.7
Buck converter for proposed ESU.
Fig.8
High-frequency inverter for the proposed ESU.
Table 1
Simulation specifications of the proposed ESU.
| Description Symbol | Value, Unit | |
|---|---|---|
| Source Voltage | 24 V | |
| Buck Converter | ||
| L | 33 μH | |
| C | 220 μF | |
| Switching frequency | 500 kHz | |
| Tissue Impedance | ||
| 1st layer, Z1 | 90 Ω | |
| 2nd layer, Z2 | 60 Ω | |
| 3rd layer, Z3 | 30 Ω | |
| Zmin | 130 Ω | |
| PID Parameters | ||
| kp | ZNS method | 0.0102 |
| ki | 13.16 | |
| kd | 1.98e-6 | |
| kpref | FLC method | 0.0102 |
| kiref | 13.16 | |
| kdref | 1.98e-6 | |
| kpnew | 0.0114 | |
| kinew | 13.197 | |
| kdnew | 2.005e-6 | |
| Power Reference | 50 W | |
| High-Frequency Transformer | ||
| L1 | 40 μH | |
| L2 | 0.1 μH | |
| L3 | 0.1 μH | |
Fig.9
ESU output RMS voltage for original controller.
Fig.10
RMS output voltage for proposed ESU with PID-ZNS and FLC-PID controller.
Table 2
Summary of results.
| Performance criteria | Original Controller | PID-ZNS | PID-FLC |
|---|---|---|---|
| Power increasing | 36.20% | 17.00% | 10.00% |
| OS% of voltage | 0.34% | 3.70% | 2.07% |
| OS% of current | 0.93% | 4.26% | 2.22% |
| OS% of Power | 0.80% | 7.60% | 4.20% |
| STD of voltage | 3.38% | 3.85% | 3.04% |
| STD of current | 3.72% | 4.51% | 3.39% |
| STD of Power | 36.40% | 18.00% | 10.60% |
| Tr of voltage | 0.37 ms | 0.9 ms | 0.89 ms |
| Tr of current | 0.37 ms | 0.9 ms | 0.89 ms |
| Tr of power | 0.37 ms | 0.9 ms | 0.89 ms |
| Ts of voltage | unstable | 2.4 ms | 2.1 ms |
| Ts of current | unstable | 2.4 ms | 2.1 ms |
| Ts of power | unstable | 2.4 ms | 2.1 ms |
| (Z1 to Z2) period (0–0.01) sec | |||
| Performance criteria | PID-ZNS | PID-FLC | |
| Power increasing | 7.60% | 4.20% | |
| OS% of voltage | 3.70% | 2.07% | |
| OS% of current | 4.26% | 2.22% | |
| (Z2 to Z3) period (0.01–0.02) sec | |||
| Performance criteria | PID-ZNS | PID-FLC | |
| Power increasing | 14.00% | 9.00% | |
| OS% of voltage | 3.34% | 3.15% | |
| OS% of current | 7.08% | 7.08% | |
| (Z3) period (0.02–0.03) sec | |||
| Performance criteria | PID-ZNS | PID-FLC | |
| Power increasing | 17.00% | 10.00% | |
| OS% of voltage | 3.45% | 3.25% | |
| OS% of current | 9.00% | 8.53% | |
Fig.11
ESU output RMS current for the original controller.
Fig.12
RMS output current for the proposed ESU with PID-ZNS and FLC-PID controller.
Fig.13
ESU output power for the original controller.
Fig.14
Output power for the proposed ESU with PID-ZNS and FLCPID controller.
Fig.15
Power signal for the proposed ESU with PID-ZNS and FLCPID controller (Zoomed).