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Distinguishing Between the Material Reality and Social Reality Cover

Distinguishing Between the Material Reality and Social Reality

Open Access
|Aug 2025

Figures & Tables

Diagram 1.

Vernadsky’s model of reality.
Vernadsky’s model of reality.

Diagram 2.

Lotman’s model of reality.
Lotman’s model of reality.

Diagram 3.

Human- and machine-generated social reality.
Human- and machine-generated social reality.

Correspondence between concepts and their names as proposed by Vernadsky, Lotman and other thinkers

John Searle (1995), Robin Dunbar (1997)Volodymyr Vernadsky (1925)Juri Lotman (1984)Vernacular (Middle Eastern) Distinction
Social RealityNoosphereSemiosphereCulture (Soul, Spirit)
Material RealityUniverse + BiosphereExtrasemiotic SphereNature (World, Universe)

Functional and frequential composition of human speech

All Utterances
Overwhelming NumberSpeech Acts (Doing Things)Primary (Evolutionary) Function: Group Bonding
Minimal NumberSentences (Logical Value)Secondary Function: (Evidence-Based, Logical) Communication

Misperceiving Humanity’s Position in the Universe: The new geocentrism (humanocentrism)

Spatialization and ConceptsRanking / Evaluation / Importance
Humanity = Noosphere = Semiosphere = CulturePrimary = Higher
Biosphere = DNA-based Life (minus Humanity) = part of Extrasemiotic SphereSecondary = Lower
Universe = Extrasemiotic Sphere (minus Biosphere)Tertiary = Lowest

Debunking the implicit geocentrism, humanocentrism and/or wishful thinking of the spatialized schemata of humanity’s place in the material reality

Material RealityPrimaryIndependent of Human WillPerceivable to all sentient beings (humans and animals)
Social RealitySecondaryDependent on Human WillPerceivable only to those in the know (humans alone)

The logical grid (“litmus test”) for checking whether an entity or phenomenon belongs to the material reality or social reality (asterisk [*] denotes entities that are non-existent)

ObjectiveSubjective
Physically (Ontologically)Material realitySocial reality, non-existent *elements of the material reality (*yeti, *ether)
EpistemicallyMaterial reality, elements of social reality in which people believe that they exist (nation, state, a language, deity)Non-existent *elements of the material reality (*yeti, *ether) in which people do not believe; elements of social reality in which people have ceased to believe (*Greek gods, *ghosts)
Language: English
Page range: 75 - 97
Published on: Aug 23, 2025
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2025 Tomasz Kamusella, published by Charles University, Faculty of Social Sciences
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.