Fig. 1
Schwartz's theoretical model of relationships among 10 motivational types of value and four dimensions. Source: Schwartz (2012, 9).
Tab. 1
A basic description of the Czech samples in the ISSP and ESS datasets
| ISSP (2015) | ESS (2016) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prague | Others | Total | Prague | Others | Total | |
| Number of cases | 216 | 1,693 | 1,909 | 277 | 1,992 | 2,269 |
| 11.3% | 88.7% | 100% | 12.2% | 87.8% | 100% | |
| Women | 103 | 871 | 974 | 154 | 1,018 | 1,172 |
| 47.7% | 51.4% | 51.0% | 55.6% | 51.1% | 51.7% | |
| Age mean | 47.55 | 46.38 | 45.51 | 45.07 | 46.2 | 46.06 |
[i] Sources: ISSP (2015), ESS (2016).
Tab. 2
Linear regression results on determinants of the four basic human values dimensions
| Indicator | Conservation | Openness | Collectivism | Individualism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (F=0, M=1) | −0.110*** | 0.057** | −0.131*** | 0.050* |
| Age | 0.155*** | −0.353*** | 0.026 | −0.232*** |
| Household‘s total net income | 0.019 | 0.138*** | 0.085** | 0.221*** |
| Domicile—big city and its suburbs | – | – | – | – |
| Domicile—town or small city | 0.069* | 0.033 | 0.044 | 0.058* |
| Domicile—village or countryside farm | 0.022 | 0.006 | −0.071* | 0.023 |
| Basic school | – | – | – | – |
| High school without A-level | −0.001 | −0.045 | −0.028 | −0.048 |
| High school with A-level | −0.004 | −0.007 | −0.027 | −0.058* |
| University or post A-level diploma | 0.024 | 0.076** | 0.040 | 0.073** |
| Prague region | – | – | – | – |
| Central Bohemian region | 0.050 | −0.034 | 0.069 | 0.014 |
| South Bohemian region | −0.021 | −0.037 | −0.004 | −0.029 |
| Plzeň region | −0.009 | 0.019 | 0.006 | −0.036 |
| Karlovy Vary region | −0.043 | −0.017 | −0.019 | −0.046 |
| Ústí nad Labem region | −0.072* | −0.050 | −0.075* | −0.06* |
| Liberec region | 0.024 | 0.024 | 0.011 | −0.017 |
| Hradec Králové region | 0.019 | 0.034 | 0.040 | −0.005 |
| Pardubice region | −0.034 | −0.015 | −0.017 | −0.034 |
| Vysočina region | −0.026 | −0.057* | −0.053 | −0.03 |
| South Moravian region | 0.035 | −0.019 | 0.099** | −0.051 |
| Olomouc region | 0.037 | 0.072** | 0.041 | 0.085** |
| Zlín region | 0.053 | −0.005 | 0.048 | −0.03 |
| Moravian-Silesian region | 0.122*** | 0.015 | 0.073* | 0.023 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.058 | 0.216 | 0.052 | 0.172 |
Fig. 2
Indexes of the four dimensions of basic human values inside and outside Prague. Source: ESS (2016).
Fig. 3
Ten basic human values indexes inside and outside Prague. Source: ESS (2016).
Fig. 4
Differences between Praguers and non-Praguers in what they consider important to be Czech. Source: ISSP (2015).
Fig. 5
Patriotism of Praguers and non-Praguers measured as general pride in being Czech. Note: Question asked—“How proud are you of being Czech?” Reversed scale: 1—not proud at all; 2—not very proud; 3—somewhat proud; 4—very proud. Source: ISSP (2015).
Fig. 6
Patriotism of Praguers and non-Praguers measured as an emotional attachment to Czechia (Europe for comparison). Note: Question asked—“How emotionally attached do you feel to the Czech Republic?” Scale: 0—not at all emotionally attached; 10—very emotionally attached. Source: ESS (2016).
Fig. 7
Patriotism of Praguers and non-Praguers measured as territorial attachment to Czechia (other territorial levels for comparison). Note: Question asked—“How close do you feel to?” Reversed scale: 1—not close at all; 2—not very close; 3—close; 4—very close. Source: ISSP (2015).
Fig. 8
A comparison of Praguers and non-Praguers in the sources of their national pride. Note: Question asked—“How proud are you about the Czech Republic in these spheres?” Reversed scale: 1—not proud at all; 2—not very proud; 3—somewhat proud; 4—very proud. Source: ISSP (2015).
Fig. 9
A comparison of the level of nationalism among Praguers and non-Praguers. Note: Index computed as a mean of the four items: “I would rather be a citizen of the Czech Republic than of any other country in the world”; “The world would be a better place if people from other countries were more like the Czechs”; “Generally speaking, the Czech Republic is a better country than most other countries”; and “People should support their country even if the country is in the wrong.” 1—disagree strongly; 2—disagree; 3—neither agree nor disagree; 4—agree; 5—agree strongly. Source: ISSP (2015).
Tab. 3
Linear regression results on determinants of the three versions of patriotism and nationalism
| Indicator | Patriotism 1 | Patriotism 2 | Patriotism 3 | Nationalism |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender (F=0, M=1) | −0.023 | 0.015 | −0.055* | 0.018 |
| Age | 0.072* | 0.127**, * | 0.213**, * | 0.114*** |
| Household‘s total net income (ESS 2016) | – | – | 0,110*** | – |
| Household's total net income, 1st quartile (up to 17,500 CZK) | – | – | – | – |
| Household's total net income, 2nd quartile (up to 25,000 CZK) | 0.048 | 0.013 | – | 0.021 |
| Household's total net income, 3rd quartile (up to 35,000 CZK) | 0.001 | −0.011 | – | −0.007 |
| Household's total net income over, 4th quartile (over 35000 CZK) | 0.036 | 0.026 | – | 0.023 |
| Domicile—big city and its suburbs | – | – | – | – |
| Domicile—town or small city | −0.111** | −0.052 | −0.059 | −0.104** |
| Domicile - Village or countryside home | −0.031 | −0.043 | −0.125*** | −0.028 |
| Basic school | – | – | – | – |
| High school without A-level | 0.001 | 0.038 | −0.026 | −0.015 |
| High school with A-level | −0.008 | 0.074 | −0.032 | −0.029 |
| University of post A-level diploma | −0.004 | 0.031 | −0.009 | −0.097* |
| Prague region | – | – | – | – |
| Central Bohemian region | 0.126** | 0.075 | 0.093** | 0.122** |
| South Bohemian region | 0.079* | 0.038 | 0.019 | 0.049 |
| Plzeň region | −0.016 | −0.031 | −0.023 | −0.003 |
| Karlovy Vary region | −0.026 | −0.002 | −0.033 | 0.018 |
| Ústí nad Labem region | 0.084* | −0.008 | −0.020 | 0.181*** |
| Liberec region | 0.036 | 0.060* | 0.082** | 0.051 |
| Hradec Králové region | 0.070* | 0.032 | 0.096** | 0.072* |
| Pardubice region | 0.018 | −0.023 | −0.014 | 0.082* |
| Vysočina region | 0.103** | 0.085* | −0.007 | 0.135*** |
| South Moravian region | −0.041 | −0.111** | 0.005 | −0.018 |
| Olomouc region | 0.105** | 0.029 | 0.098** | 0.075* |
| Moravian-Silesian region | 0.053 | −0.061 | 0.097** | 0.009 |
| Zlín region | 0.042 | 0.000 | 0.093** | 0.045 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.030 | 0.043 | 0.069 | 0.055 |
Note: Standardized coefficients Beta; pairwise exclusion.
Note: Patriotism 1 = pride; Patriotism 2 = territorial attachment (ISSP 2015); Patriotism 3 = emotional attachment (ESS 2016).
p-values:
Sources: ISSP (2015), ESS (2016).
| Value dimensions | Basic human values | Items | Item labels |
|---|---|---|---|
| Openness to change | SD | ipcrtiv | Important to think new ideas and being creative |
| Openness to change | SD | impfree | Important to make own decisions and be free |
| Openness to change | ST | impdiff | Important to try new and different things in life |
| Openness to change | ST | ipadvnt | Important to seek adventures and have an exciting life |
| Openness to change | HE | ipgdtim | Important to have a good time |
| Openness to change | HE | impfun | Important to seek fun and things that give pleasure |
| Conservation | SE | impsafe | Important to live in secure and safe surroundings |
| Conservation | SE | ipstrgv | Important that government is strong and ensures safety |
| Conservation | CO | ipfrule | Important to do what is told and follow rules |
| Conservation | CO | ipbhprp | Important to behave properly |
| Conservation | TR | ipmodst | Important to be humble and modest, not draw attention |
| Conservation | TR | imptrad | Important to follow traditions and customs |
| Individualism | AC | ipshabt | Important to show abilities and be admired |
| Individualism | AC | ipsuces | Important to be successful and that people recognize achievements |
| Individualism | PO | imprich | Important to be rich, have money and expensive things |
| Individualism | PO | iprspot | Important to get respect from others |
| Collectivism | UN | ipeqopt | Important that people are treated equally and have equal opportunities |
| Collectivism | UN | ipudrst | Important to understand different people |
| Collectivism | UN | impenv | Important to care for nature and environment |
| Collectivism | BE | iphlppl | Important to help people and care for others well-being |
| Collectivism | BE | iplylfr | Important to be loyal to friends and devote to people close |
[i] Note: HE is part of OPENNESS TO CHANGE based on Schwartz's (2003, pp. 288–289) suggestion.
[ii] Source: Schwartz (2003), ESS (2016).