References
- Abrahams, Roger. D. 2005. Everyday Life: A Poetics of Vernacular Practices. Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt3fhtph (accessed October 7, 2025).
- Barad, Karen. 2007. Meeting the Universe Halfway: Quantum Physics and the Entanglement of Matter and Meaning. Durham, NC: Duke University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv12101zq.
- Ben-Amos, Dan. 1971. Toward a Definition of Folklore in Context. – The Journal of American Folklore 84 (331): 3–15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/539729.
- Ben-Amos, Dan. 1984. The Seven Strands of Tradition: Varieties in Its Meaning in American Folklore Studies. – Journal of Folklore Research (Special Issue: Culture, Tradition, Identity Conference, March 26–28, 1984) 21 (2/3): 97–131. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3814548 (accessed October 7, 2025).
- Bowman, Marion and Ülo Valk, eds. 2012. Vernacular Religion in Everyday Life: Expressions of Belief. Sheffield; Bristol, CT: Equinox Publishing. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315728643.
- Briggs, Charles L. 2008. Disciplining Folkloristics. – Journal of Folklore Research 45 (1): 91–105. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2979/JFR.2008.45.1.91.
- Buswell Jr., Robert E. and Donald S. Lopez Jr. 2014. The Princeton Dictionary of Buddhism. Princeton, NJ; Oxford: Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400848058.
- Campbell, Bruce. 1978. A Typology of Cults. – Sociology of Religion 39 (3): 228–240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3710443.
- Campbell, Collin. 1977. Clarifying the Cult. – The British Journal of Sociology 28 (3): 375–388. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/590001.
- Chau, Adam Y. 2006. Miraculous Response: Doing Popular Religion in Contemporary China. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
- Cusack, Carole and Danielle Kirby. 2014. Sects, Cults, and New Religions: An Introduction. – Sects, Cults, and New Religions 1, edited by Carole M. Cusack and Danielle L. Kirby. New York: Routledge, 1–11.
- Dubois, Thomas A. 2009. An Introduction to Shamanism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Dubois, Thomas D. 2005. The Sacred Village: Social Change and Religious Life in Rural North China. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824890940.
- Dundes, Alan. 1965. The Study of Folklore. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
- Enstedt, Daniel. 2020. Sociological Approaches to Leaving Religion. – Handbook of Leaving Religion. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion 18, edited by Daniel Enstedt, Göran Larsson and Teemu T. Mantsinen. Leiden; Boston, MA: Brill, 292–306. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004331471_025.
- Finkler, Kaja. 1994. Sacred Healing and Biomedicine Compared. – Medical Anthropology Quarterly 8 (2): 178–197. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/maq.1994.8.2.02a00030.
- Gallagher, Eugene V. 2007. “Cults” and “New Religious Movements”. – History of Religions 47 (2/3): 205–220. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/524210.
- Hampshire, Annette P. and James A. Beckford. 1983. Religious Sects and the Concept of Deviance: The Mormons and the Moonies. – The British Journal of Sociology 34 (2): 208–229. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/590736.
- Hanegraaff, Wouter J. 2007. The New Age Movement and Western Esotericism. – Handbook of New Age. Brill Handbooks on Contemporary Religion 1, edited by Daren Kemp and James R. Lewis. Leiden: Brill, 25–50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1163/ej.9789004153554.i-484.12.
- Harrell, Stevan and Elizabeth J. Perry. 1982. Syncretic Sects in Chinese Society: An Introduction. – Modern China 8 (3): 283–303. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009770048200800301.
- Hellinger, Bert; Gunthard Weber and Hunter Beaumont. 1998. Love’s Hidden Symmetry: What Makes Love Work in Relationships. Phoenix, AZ: Zeig, Tucker and Theisen.
- Holzman, Donald. 1998. The Place of Filial Piety in Ancient China. – Journal of the American Oriental Society 118 (2): 185–199. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/605890.
- Howard, Robert Glenn. 2022. When a Cosmic Shift Fails: The Power of Vernacular Authority in a New Age Internet Forum. – Vernacular Knowledge: Contesting Authority, Expressing Beliefs, edited by Ülo Valk and Marion Bowman. Sheffield; Bristol, CT: Equinox Publishing, 165–188.
- Hu, Anning. 2016. Ancestor Worship in Contemporary China: An Empirical Investigation. – China Review 16 (1): 169–186. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43709965 (accessed October 7, 2025).
- Ji, Zhe. 2011. Buddhism in the Reform Era: a Secularized Revival? – Religion in Contemporary China: Revitalization and Innovation, edited by Adam Yuet Chau. London; New York: Rout-ledge, 32–52.
- Johnston, Jay. 2021. Stag and Stone: Religion, Archaeology and Esoteric Aesthetics. Sheffield: Equinox. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1558/isbn.9781781795927.
- Jordan, David K. and Daniel L. Overmyer. 1986. The Flying Phoenix: Aspects of Chinese Sectarianism in Taiwan. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9781400854202.
- Koch, Anne. 2015. Alternative Healing as Magical Self-Care in Alternative Modernity. – Numen 62 (4): 431–459. http://www.jstor.org/stable/24644878 (accessed October 7, 2025).
- Latour, Bruno. 2004. Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy, translated by Catherine Porter. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
- Latour, Bruno. 2017. Facing Gaia: Eight Lectures on the New Climatic Regime, translated by Catherine Porter. London: Polity.
- Li, Haozhen. 2023. Xian Belief from Animal Worship towards Urban Shamanism: The Transformation of a Folk Belief in Contemporary Northeast China. A Master Dissertation. https://hdl.handle.net/10062/91211 (accessed October 7, 2025).
- Li, Jie and Nikolas Rose. 2017. Urban Social Exclusion and Mental Health of China’s Rural-Urban Migrants: A Review and Call for Research. – Health and Place 48: 20–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.08.009.
- Li, Wei-tsu and Xing Zhou. 2011. Si Da Men. Beijing Shi: Beijing Da Xue Chu Ban She.
- Li, Xiaolin. 2013. Huxian Xinyang de Shijian Luoji – yi S Xiang Daxian de Koushushi wei Gean. MA Thesis. Shenyang Normal University.
- Lin, Ching-chih. 2017. Yiguandao under the Shadow of Nationalism: Traitors, Conspirators, Traditionalists, or Loyalists? – Religion and Nationalism in Chinese Societies, edited by Kuo Cheng-tian. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 233–252. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctt1zkjzkd.12.
- Liu, Chang. 2020. Dongbei Baojiaxian Xinyang de Minsuxue Kaocha. MA Thesis. University of Heilongjiang.
- Liu, Zhengai. 2009. Dongbei Diqu Xianxinyang de Renleixue Yanjiu. – Zongjiao Xinyang yu Minzu Wenhua (Dier Ji), edited by Meng Hui-ying. Beijing shi: Shehui Kexue Wenxian Chubenshe, 250–262.
- Marty, Martin E. 1960. Sects and Cults. – The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science 332 (1): 125–134. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/000271626033200113.
- Nelson, Geoffrey K. 1969. The Spiritualist Movement and the Need for a Redefinition of Cult. – Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 8 (1): 152–160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1385263.
- Noyes, Dorothy. 2016. Humble Theory: Folklore’s Grasp on Social Life. Bloomington, IN; Indianapolis, IN: Indiana University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2979/humbletheory.0.0.02.
- Olson, Paul J. 2006. The Public Perception of “Cults” and “New Religious Movements”. – Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 45 (1): 97–106. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2006.00008.x.
- Overmyer, Daniel L. 1981. Alternatives: Popular Religious Sects in Chinese Society. – Modern China 7 (2): 153–190. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/009770048100700202.
- Ownby, David. 2008. Falun Gong and the Future of China. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195329056.001.0001.
- Perrett, Roy W. 1987. Egoism, Altruism and Intentionalism in Buddhist Ethics. – Journal of Indian Philosophy 15 (1): 71–85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00213993.
- Primiano, Leonard Norman. 1995. Vernacular Religion and the Search for Method in Religious Folklife. – Western Folklore (Special Issue: Reflexivity and the Study of Belief) 54 (1): 37–56. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1499910.
- Primiano, Leonard Norman. 2022. The Upper Room: Domestic Space, Vernacular Religion, and the Observant University Catholic. – Vernacular Knowledge: Contesting Authority, Expressing Beliefs, edited by Ülo Valk and Marion Bowman. Sheffield; Bristol, CT: Equinox Publishing, 309–335.
- Richardson, James T. 1978. An Oppositional and General Conceptualization of Cult. – Annual Review of the Social Sciences of Religion 2: 29–52.
- Richardson, James T. 1993. Definitions of Cult: From Sociological-Technical to Popular-Negative. – Review of Religious Research 34 (4): 348–356. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/3511972.
- Rival, Laura. 2014. The Materiality of Life: Revisiting the Anthropology of Nature in Amazonia. – The Handbook of Contemporary Animism, edited by Graham Harvey. New York: Routledge, 92–110.
- Schieffelin, Edward L. 2013. Performance and the Cultural Construction of Reality. – The Anthropology of Performance: A Reader, edited by Frank J. Korom. Chichester, West Sussex; Malden, MA: John Wiley and Sons, 107–123. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394260799.ch9.
- Shahar, Meir and Robert P. Weller. 1996. Introduction: Gods and Society in China. – Unruly Gods: Divinity and Society in China, edited by Meir Shahar and Robert P. Weller. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawai’i Press, 1–36. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/9780824865429-002.
- Storck, Michael; Thomas J. Csordas and Milton Strauss. 2000. Depressive Illness and Navajo Healing. – Medical Anthropology Quarterly 14 (4): 571–597. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1525/maq.2000.14.4.571.
- Szonyi, Michael. 1997. The Illusion of Standardizing the Gods: The Cult of the Five Emperors in Late Imperial China. – The Journal of Asian Studies 56 (1): 113–135. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2646345.
- Thornton, Patricia M. 2010 [2000]. The New Cybersects: Popular Religion, Repression and Resistance. – Chinese Society: Change, Conflict and Resistance. Asia’s Transformations, edited by Elisabeth J. Perry and Mark Selden. London; New York: Routledge, 215–238.
- Tong, James. 2002. An Organizational Analysis of the Falun Gong: Structure, Communications, Financing. – The China Quarterly 171: 636–660. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S0009443902000402.
- Troeltsch, Ernst. 1931. The Social Teachings of the Christian Churches. New York: MacMillan.
- Valk, Ülo. 2022. An Introduction to Vernacular Knowledge. – Vernacular Knowledge: Contesting Authority, Expressing Beliefs, edited by Ülo Valk and Marion Bowman. Sheffield; Bristol, CT: Equinox Publishing, 1–21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1558/isbn.9781800502147.
- Wallis, Roy. 1975. Scientology: Therapeutic Cult to Religious Sect. – Sociology 9 (1): 89–100. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/003803857500900105.
- Yang, Fenggang and Anning Hu. 2012. Mapping Chinese Folk Religion in Mainland China and Taiwan. – Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 51 (3): 505–521. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-5906.2012.01660.x.
- Zhu, Guobin. 2010. Prosecuting “Evil Cults”: A Critical Examination of Law Regarding Freedom of Religious Belief in Mainland China. – Human Rights Quarterly 32 (3): 471–501. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1353/hrq.2010.0004.