Diagnostic-aware polar coding and adaptive hybrid automatic repeat request with reinforcement learning for hemodynamic telemonitoring of PTSD in 5G/IoT networks
By: Juliy Boiko and Serhii Pidchenko
References
- S. M. Jensen, I. Abrahamsen, M. Baumgarten, J. Gallaher, and C. Feltner, “Screening tools for predicting posttraumatic stress disorder in acutely injured adult trauma patients: A systematic review,” Journal of Trauma and Acute Care Surgery, vol. 92, no. 6, pp. e115–e126, 2022. doi:10.1097/TA.0000000000003524.
- M. Schneider and A. Schwerdtfeger, “Autonomic dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder indexed by heart rate variability: a meta-analysis,” Psychological Medicine, vol. 50, no. 12, pp. 1937–1948, 2020. doi:10.1017/S003329172000207X.
- D. Edmondson and B. E. Cohen, “Posttraumatic stress disorder and cardiovascular disease,” Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, vol. 55, no. 6, pp. 548–556, 2013. doi:10.1016/j.pcad.2013.03.004.
- J. Boiko and I. Pyatin, “Intelligent DL-SCH/PDSCH processing chain in 5G with adaptive HARQ mechanism,” Informatyka, Automatyka, Pomiary w Gospodarce i Ochronie Środowiska, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 84–93, 2026. doi:10.35784/iapgos.7826.
- J. Boiko, I. Pyatin, O. Eromenko, and L. Karpova, “Evaluation of the capabilities of LDPC codes for network applications in the 802.11ax standard,” in IoT Based Control Networks and Intelligent Systems, Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol. 789. Singapore: Springer, 2024, pp. 369–383. doi:10.1007/978-981-99-6586-1_25.
- A. Hadi, E. Alsusa, and A. Al-Dweik, “Information unequal error protection using polar codes,” IET Communications, vol. 12, no. 8, pp. 956–961, 2018. doi:10.1049/iet-com.2017.1195.
- M. A. Hanif and S. Vafi, “An Efficient Serially Concatenated Polar Code with Unequal Error Protection Property,” 2019 IEEE 4th International Conference on Computer and Communication Systems (ICCCS), Singapore, 2019, pp. 497–501, doi: 10.1109/CCOMS.2019.8821724.
- P. Jiang, C.-K. Wen, S. Jin, and G. Y. Li, “Deep source-channel coding for sentence semantic transmission with HARQ,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 70, no. 8, pp. 5225–5240, 2022. doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2022.3180997.
- Y. Zheng, F. Wang, W. Xu, and P. Zhang, “Semantic Base Enabled Image Transmission With Fine-Grained HARQ,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 3606–3622, Apr. 2025. doi:10.1109/TWC.2025.3532501.
- J. Boiko, I. Pyatin, and O. Eromenko, “Intelligent DRL-assisted decoding of error-correcting codes for 5G/6G telecommunication channels,” Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 76, no. 6, pp. 509–523, 2025. doi:10.2478/jee-2025-0053.
- A. Taranchuk and S. Pidchenko, “Quartz pulse wave sensor with a capacitive control for healthcare solutions,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 21, no. 6, pp. 8613–8620, 2021. doi:10.1109/JSEN.2020.3049065.
- S. Min, D. H. Kim, D. J. Joe, B. W. Kim, Y. H. Jung, J. H. Lee, B. Y. Lee, I. Doh, J. An, Y. N. Youn, B. Joung, C. D. Yoo, H. S. Ahn, and K. J. Lee, “Clinical validation of a wearable piezoelectric blood-pressure sensor for continuous health monitoring,” Advanced Materials, vol. 35, no. 26, art. 2301627, 2023. doi:10.1002/adma.202301627.
- H. J. Baek, C.-H. Cho, J. Cho, and J.-M. Woo, “Reliability of ultra-short-term analysis as a surrogate of standard 5-min analysis of heart rate variability,” Telemedicine and e-Health, vol. 21, no. 5, pp. 404–414, 2015. doi:10.1089/tmj.2014.0104.
- D. Craven, B. McGinley, L. Kilmartin, M. Glavin, and E. Jones, “Compressed sensing for bioelectric signals: a review,” IEEE Journal of Biomedical and Health Informatics, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 529–540, 2015. doi:10.1109/JBHI.2014.2327194.
- M. Malik (correspond.), Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and the North American Society of Pacing and Electrophysiology, “Heart rate variability: standards of measurement, physiological interpretation and clinical use,” Circulation, vol. 93, no. 5, pp. 1043–1065, 1996. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.93.5.1043.
- B. Hametner and S. Wassertheurer, “Pulse waveform analysis: is it ready for prime time?,” Current Hypertension Reports, vol. 19, art. 73, 2017. doi:10.1007/s11906-017-0769-3.
- R. Pal, A. Rudas, S. Kim, J. N. Chiang, A. Barney, and M. Cannesson, “An algorithm to detect dicrotic notch in arterial blood pressure and photoplethysmography waveforms using the iterative envelope mean method,” Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, vol. 254, art. 108283, 2024. doi:10.1016/j.cmpb.2024.108283.
- E. Arikan, “Channel polarization: a method for constructing capacity-achieving codes for symmetric binary-input memoryless channels,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 55, no. 7, pp. 3051–3073, 2009. doi:10.1109/TIT.2009.2021379.
- I. Pyatin, J. Boiko, and O. Eromenko, “Algorithmization and hardware implementation of polar coding for 5G telecommunications,” Transport and Telecommunication Journal, vol. 25, no. 3, pp. 300–310, 2024. doi:10.2478/ttj-2024-0022.
- V.-F. Drăgoi and G. Cristescu, “Bhattacharyya Parameter of Monomial Codes for the Binary Erasure Channel: From Pointwise to Average Reliability,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 9, Art. no. 2976, 2021. doi:10.3390/s21092976.
- I. Tal and A. Vardy, “List decoding of polar codes,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 61, no. 5, pp. 2213–2226, 2015. doi:10.1109/TIT.2015.2410251.
- K. Niu and K. Chen, “CRC-aided decoding of polar codes,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 1668–1671, 2012. doi:10.1109/LCOMM.2012.090312.121501.
- I. Pyatin, J. Boiko, V. Kovtun, and O. Kovtun, “Radio frequency interface quality assessment in 4G/5G: Effects of IQ imbalance, phase noise, and nonlinearities on error vector magnitude,” PLoS One, vol. 20, no. 5, Art. no. e0324170, 2025. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0324170.
- 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), TS 38.212: NR; Multiplexing and Channel Coding, 2024.
- 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), TS 38.214: NR; Physical Layer Procedures for Data, 2024.
- 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), TR 38.901: Study on Channel Model for Frequencies from 0.5 to 100 GHz, 2024.
- M.-C. Chiu, “Analysis and Design of Polar-Coded Modulation,” IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol. 70, no. 3, pp. 1508–1521, 2022. doi:10.1109/TCOMM.2022.3142280.
- M. Elgendi, “On the analysis of fingertip photoplethysmogram signals,” Current Cardiology Reviews, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 14–25, 2012. doi:10.2174/157340312801215782.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2026-0053 | Journal eISSN: 1339-309X (formerly 1335-3632) | Journal ISSN: 1335-3632
Language: English
Page range: 553 - 567
Submitted on: Jul 28, 2026
Published online: Oct 11, 2026
Published in print: Oct 1, 2026
Published by: Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Juliy Boiko, Serhii Pidchenko, published by Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.