CMOS rail-to-rail voltage-to-current converter circuit intended for low-voltage IC applications

Abdelouahab Djemouai; Younes Fouzar; Abderrahim Yousfi; Youcef Fouzar; Okba Saidani; Abdelhalim Brahimi

doi:10.2478/jee-2026-0046

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CMOS rail-to-rail voltage-to-current converter circuit intended for low-voltage IC applications

Journal of Electrical Engineering

Volume 77 (2026): Issue 5 (October 2026)

By: Abdelouahab Djemouai, Younes Fouzar, Abderrahim Yousfi, Youcef Fouzar, Okba Saidani and Abdelhalim Brahimi

Open Access

|Oct 2026

Abstract

In this paper a new CMOS voltage-to-current converter (VTC) circuit with rail-to-rail dynamic range is proposed. The circuit is dedicated for integrated circuits that require low-voltage power supply. The input/output voltage dynamic range of conventional VTC circuits is usually impaired by the reduced of power supply voltage. The proposed VTC aims to alleviate non-desirable the effects of the reduction of the power supply voltage on the VTC dynamic range by using a combination of voltage followers. It is designed using the transistor models of the 65 nm CMOS technology and it is intended to operate with low power supply voltages. SPICE simulation results demonstrate that the input dynamic range of the proposed VTC circuit covers the entire range from 0 V to 1.2 V, the maximum range allowed by the used power supply. This rail-to-rail property makes the proposed VTC circuit highly suitable for CMOS integrated circuits low-voltage applications.

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Articles in this issue

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2026-0046 | Journal eISSN: 1339-309X (formerly 1335-3632) | Journal ISSN: 1335-3632

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Language: English

Page range: 483 - 488

Submitted on: May 12, 2026

Published online: Oct 11, 2026

Published in print: Oct 1, 2026

Published by: Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava

In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services

Keywords:

65 nm CMOS technology,

rail-to-rail voltage-to-current converter,

low-voltage IC applications

Related subjects:

Engineering,

Introductions and overviews,

Engineering, other

© 2026 Abdelouahab Djemouai, Younes Fouzar, Abderrahim Yousfi, Youcef Fouzar, Okba Saidani, Abdelhalim Brahimi, published by Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

Volume 77 (2026): Issue 5 (October 2026)