An efficient codebook design approach based on salp swarm algorithm for the downlink SCMA system
By: Şakir Şimşir
References
- W. Jiang, Q. Zhou, J. He, M. A. Habibi, S. Melnyk, and M. El-Absi, “Terahertz communications and sensing for 6G and beyond: A comprehensive review,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 26, no. 4, pp. 2326-2381, 2024.
- R. Ahmed, and M. A. Matin, “Towards 6G wireless networks-challenges and potential technologies,” Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 71, no. 4, pp. 290-297, 2020.
- S. K. Saraswat, V. K. Deolia, and A. Shukla, “Allocation of power in NOMA based 6G-enabled internet of things using multi-objective based genetic algorithm,” Journal of Electrical Engineering, vol. 74, no. 2, pp. 95-101, 2023.
- N. Abu-Ali, A. E. M. Taha, M. Salah, and H. Hassanein, “Uplink scheduling in LTE and LTE-advanced: Tutorial, survey and evaluation framework,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 1239-1265, 2013.
- L. Dai, B. Wang, Y. Yuan, S. Han, I. Chih-lin, and Z. Wang, “Non-orthogonal multiple access for 5G: solutions, challenges, opportunities, and future research trends,” IEEE Communications Magazine, vol. 53, no. 9, pp. 74-81, 2015.
- Z. Wei, J. Yuan, D. W. K. Ng, M. Elkashlan, and Z. Ding, “A survey of downlink non-orthogonal multiple access for 5G wireless communication networks,” ZTE Communications, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 17-25, 2016.
- Q. Wang, R. Zhang, L.-L. Yang, and L. Hanzo, “Nonorthogonal multiple access: A unified perspective,” IEEE Wireless Communications, vol. 25, no. 2, pp. 10-16, 2018.
- M. S. Ali, H. Tabassum, and E. Hossain, “Dynamic user clustering and power allocation for uplink and downlink nonorthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems,” IEEE access, vol. 4, pp. 6325-6343, 2016.
- S. R. Islam, N. Avazov, O. A. Dobre, and K. S. Kwak, “Power-domain non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) in 5G systems: Potentials and challenges,” IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 721-742, 2016.
- Z. Yang, Z. Ding, P. Fan, and N. Al-Dhahir, “A general power allocation scheme to guarantee quality of service in downlink and uplink NOMA systems,” IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, vol. 15, no. 11, pp. 7244-7257, 2016.
- Y. Wu, C. Wang, Y. Chen, and A. Bayesteh, “Sparse code multiple access for 5G radio transmission,” IEEE 86th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall), Toronto, ON, Canada, pp. 1-6, 2017.
- F. R. Kschischang, B. J. Frey, and H. A. Loeliger, “Factor graphs and the sum-product algorithm,” IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, vol. 47, no. 2, pp. 498-519, 2001.
- S. Mirjalili, A. H. Gandomi, S. Z. Mirjalili, S. Saremi, H. Faris, and S. M. Mirjalili, “Salp swarm algorithm: A bio-inspired optimizer for engineering design problems,” Advances in Engineering Software, vol. 114, pp. 163-191, 2017.
- L. Yu, P. Fan, D. Cai, and Z. Ma, “Design and analysis of SCMA codebook based on Star-QAM signaling constellations,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 67, no. 11, pp. 10543-10553, 2018.
- V. P. Klimentyev, and A. B. Sergienko, “SCMA codebooks optimization based on genetic algorithm,” 23th European Wireless Conference, Dresden, Germany, pp. 191-196, 2017.
- J. Peng, W. Chen, B. Bai, X. Guo, and C. Sun, “Joint optimization of constellation with mapping matrix for SCMA codebook design,” IEEE Signal Processing Letters, vol. 24, no. 3, pp. 264-268, 2017.
- Y. Zhou, Q. Yu, W. Meng, and C. Li, “SCMA codebook design based on constellation rotation,” IEEE International Conference on Communications, Paris, France, pp. 1-6, 2017.
- C. Huang, B. Su, T. Lin, and Y. Huang, “Downlink SCMA codebook design with low error rate by maximizing minimum Euclidean distance of superimposed codewords,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 71, no. 5, pp. 5231-5245, 2022.
- M. Alam, and Q. Zhang, “Designing optimum mother constellation and codebooks for SCMA,” IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Paris, France, pp. 1-6, 2017.
- T. Lei, S. Ni, N. Cheng, S. Chen, and X. Song, “SCMA codebook for uplink Rician fading channels,” IEEE Communications Letters, vol. 27, no. 2, pp. 527-531, 2023.
- X. Li, Z. Gao, Y. Gui, Z. Liu, P. Xiao, and L. Yu, “Design of power-imbalanced SCMA codebook,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 71, no. 2, pp. 2140-2145, 2022.
- H. Nikopour, and H. Baligh, “Sparse code multiple access,” IEEE 24th Annual International Symposium on Personal, Indoor, and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC), London, UK, pp. 332-336, 2013.
- M. Taherzadeh, H. Nikopour, A. Bayesteh, and H. Baligh, “SCMA codebook design,” IEEE 80th vehicular technology conference (VTC2014-Fall), Vancouver, BC, Canada, pp. 1-5, 2014.
- Q. Luo, Z. Liu, G. Chen, Y. Ma, and P. Xiao, “A novel multitask learning empowered codebook design for downlink SCMA networks,” IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 11, no. 6, pp. 1268-1272, 2022.
- J. Lin, S. Feng, Y. Zhang, Z. Yang, and Y. Zhang, “A novel deep neural network based approach for sparse code multiple access,” Neurocomputing, vol. 382, pp. 52-63, 2020.
- J. Yang, Y. Zeng, and W. Wan, “One-stage SCMA codebook design based on bit error rate criterion,” 2024 IEEE 24th International Conference on Communication Technology (ICCT), Chengdu, China, pp. 17-21, 2024.
- D. Cai, P. Fan, X. Lei, Y. Liu, and D. Chen, “Multidimensional SCMA codebook design based on constellation rotation and interleaving,” 2016 IEEE 83rd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC Spring), Nanjing, China, pp. 1-5, 2016.
- Y. Zheng, J. Xin, H. Wang, S. Zhang, and Y. Qiao, “A low-complexity codebook design scheme for SCMA systems over an AWGN channel,” IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 71, no. 8, pp. 8675-8688, 2022.
- L. Madin, “Aspects of jet propulsion in salps,” Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol. 68, no. 4, pp. 765-777, 1990.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/jee-2026-0038 | Journal eISSN: 1339-309X (formerly 1335-3632) | Journal ISSN: 1335-3632
Language: English
Page range: 392 - 403
Submitted on: May 5, 2026
Published on: Aug 27, 2026
Published by: Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Keywords:
Related subjects:
© 2026 Şakir Şimşir, published by Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.