Figure 1.
Figure 2.
Figure 3.
Figure 4.
Regional distribution of innovation indicators_
| Region | Average count | Percentage (%) |
|---|---|---|
| USA | 91.0 | 0.35 |
| Australia | 89.5 | 0.40 |
| Poland | 87.5 | 0.33 |
| France | 86.5 | 0.44 |
| Greece | 85.5 | 0.42 |
| Iraq | 83.5 | 0.42 |
| Denmark | 83.0 | 0.38 |
| Jordan | 82.0 | 0.35 |
| Kenya | 81.0 | 0.34 |
| Hungary | 81.0 | 0.38 |
| Malaysia | 79.0 | 0.38 |
| India | 75.5 | 0.39 |
| Mexico | 75.5 | 0.47 |
| Thailand | 75.5 | 0.25 |
| China | 74.5 | 0.40 |
| Germany | 74.0 | 0.41 |
| Nepal | 73.5 | 0.44 |
| Brazil | 73.0 | 0.40 |
| Italy | 71.0 | 0.37 |
| Netherlands | 71.0 | 0.45 |
Criteria for distinguishing sentences_
| Sentences with academic innovation | Sentences that lack innovation |
|---|---|
| Introduce new ideas, unique approaches, or novel methods. | Furnish common background information or definitions. |
| Display original discoveries, experimental results, or undocumented data. | Elucidate routine procedures and methods that are commonly used in this field. |
| Propose unique applications, materials, or techniques. | Provide a summary of well-established information or results available in the literature. |
BERT model hyperparameterization_
| Hyperparameter | Values | Description |
|---|---|---|
| batch_size | 32 | Number of samples per batch during training |
| max_seq_length | 500 | Maximum length of input sequences |
| learning_rate | 2e-5 | Learning rate, subject to tuning |
| train_epochs | 20 | Number of training epochs |
| warmup_proportion | 0.1 | Proportion of total training steps for learning rate warm-up |
| adam_epsilon | 1e-8 | Epsilon value for the Adam optimizer |
| dropout_prob | 0.1 | Dropout probability in dropout layers |
NLDA Topic-Word Distribution_
| Topic 1: Nanostructures and Polymer Chemistry | Topic 2: Graphene and Nanocomposites in Drug Delivery | Topic 3: Nanomaterial Quality and Surface Properties | Topic 4: Nanoparticles in Cancer Research and Therapy | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polymers | Structures | Bacteria | Diffraction | Nanoparticles | Solution | Nanoparticles | Treatment |
| Nanoparticles | Nanostructures | Graphene | Surface | Nanomedicines | Surface | Transfection | Delivery |
| Copolymer | Solution | Nanoparticles | Solution | Information | Factors | Migration | Concentration |
| Treatment | Polymerization | Spectroscopy | Treatment | Product | Quality | Solution | Exosomes |
| Surface | Polymerization | Nanocomposites | Coating | Treatment | Molecules | Pathway | Surface |
| Topic 5: Ultrafast Centrifugation and Nanomaterial Preparation | Topic 6: Antitumor Therapy and Tumor Stem Cells | Topic 7: Nanoparticles and Drug Delivery | Topic 8: Photothermal Therapy and Nanomaterials in Cancer | ||||
| Microscope | Centrifugation | Survival | Metastasis | Nanoparticles | Solubility | Cancer | Treatment |
| Supernatant | Reagent | Resistance | Cancer | Curcumin | Solution | Nanoparticles | Conversion |
| Nanoparticles | Solution | Chemotherapy | Treatments | Encapsulation | Content | Nanosheets | Photothermal |
| Minutes | Transmission | Antitumor | Cancers | Hydrogel | Surface | Solution | Hypoxia |
| Microplate | Concentration | Nanoparticles | Doxorubicin | Storage | Treatment | Species | Performance |
| Topic 9: Antidiabetic Nanodrug Carriers and Biomedical Applications | Topic 10: Animal Studies and Biomedical Protocols | Topic 11: Nanoparticle Surface Characterization and Complex Structures | Topic 12: Inflammation and Biomaterial Interactions in Disease Research | ||||
| Extract | Insulin | Animals | Staining | Adsorption | Solution | Inflammation | Solution |
| Nanoparticles | Surface | Biodistribution | Committee | Nanoparticles | Treatment | Nanoparticles | Treatment |
| Dendrimers | Delivery | Nanoparticles | Liver | Surface | Complexes | Macrophage | Responses |
| Activities | Treatment | Sections | Solution | Nanotubes | Structures | Collagen | Surface |
| Solution | Concentration | Group | Surface | Results | Material | Cytokines | Inflammatory |
Emerging technologies in nanomedicine_
| Topic id | Topic meaning |
|---|---|
| 12 | Inflammation and Biomaterial Interactions in Disease Research |
| 8 | Photothermal Therapy and Nanomaterials in Cancer |
| 6 | Antitumor Therapy and Tumor Stem Cells |
| 4 | Nanoparticles in Cancer Research and Therapy |
| 2 | Graphene and Nanocomposites in Drug Delivery |
| 16 | Animal Studies and Biomedical Protocols |
| 9 | Antidiabetic Nanodrug Carriers and Biomedical Applications |
| 7 | Nanoparticles and Drug Delivery |
NLDA Topic -Word Distribution_
| Topic 13: Nanotechnology in Vaccine Research and Infectious Diseases | Topic 14: Liposomes and Receptors in Drug Delivery | Topic 15: Nanoparticles in Materials Science | Topic 16: Nanocarriers for Hormone Release and Antitumor Drugs | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nanoparticles | Treatment | Peptides | Affinity | Nanoparticles | Silicon | Nanocarriers | Loading |
| Authors | Concentration | Antibodies | Solution | Channel | Treatment | Nanoparticles | Micelle |
| Science | Diseases | Vesicles | Receptor | Solution | Diffusion | Carrier | Circulation |
| Solution | Results | Nanoparticles | Membranes | Surface | Results | Dialysis | Prodrug |
| Nanotechnology | Disease | Conjugation | Treatment | Parameters | Frequency | Antitumor | Solution |
| Topic 17: Luminescence and Spectroscopy in Nanomaterials | Topic 18: Endocytosis and Cell Signaling with Nanoparticles | Topic 19: Methods for Nanoparticle Preparation and Purification | Topic 20: Nanoparticle Permeation Properties in Oncology Treatments | ||||
| Emission | Wavelength | Internalization | Pathway | Dispersion | Product | Transport | Circulation |
| Nanoparticles | Spectrum | Endocytosis | Nucleus | Nanoparticles | Solution | Nanoparticles | Solution |
| Excitation | Signals | Nanoparticles | Surface | Centrifugation | Calibration | Penetration | Spheroids |
| Resonance | Solution | Mechanisms | Treatment | Ethanol | Treatment | Vessels | Surface |
| Resolution | Fluorescent | Solution | Pathways | Compound | Surface | Permeability | Treatment |
NLDA model hyperparameterization_
| Hyperparameter | Values | Description |
|---|---|---|
| num_topicsint | 20 | Number of topics |
| Alphaint | 50 | Alpha parameter of TND |
| Betafloat | 0.01 | Beta parameter of TND |
| Iterationsint | 200 | Number of training iterations |
| random_seed | 54 | Random seed to ensure consistent results |
Model evaluation indicators_
| Model | Accuracy | Precision | Recall | F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BERT+ Classifier | 0.836 | 0.864 | 0.853 | 0.858 |
| TF-IDF+SVM | 0.524 | 0.537 | 0.530 | 0.533 |
| TF-IDF+KNN | 0.600 | 0.617 | 0.593 | 0.604 |
| TF-IDF+NB | 0.582 | 0.553 | 0.569 | 0.560 |
| Word2Vec+ SVM | 0.650 | 0.658 | 0.614 | 0.635 |
| Word2Vec+ KNN | 0.696 | 0.628 | 0.603 | 0.615 |
| Word2Vec+ NB | 0.623 | 0.609 | 0.634 | 0.621 |
LDA Topic -Word Distribution_
| Topic 1 | Topic 2 | Topic 3 | Topic 4 | Topic 5 | Topic 6 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| protein | delivery | nanoparticles | nps | antibacterial | applications |
| corona | cell | silver | nanoparticles | cells | properties |
| cell | nanoparticles | agnps | delivery | bacteria | review |
| proteins | review | activity | brain | activity | materials |
| bone | drugs | nm | size | vivo | titanium |
| Topic 7 | Topic 8 | Topic 9 | Topic 10 | Topic 11 | Topic 12 |
| exosomes | based | tumor | wound | clinical | nanosheets |
| cells | high | cancer | materials | cancer | surface |
| tumour | cell | therapy | tissue | therapy | go |
| nanoparticles | clinical | cells | healing | photothermal | mxenes |
| drug | detection | pdt | bone | agents | applications |
Results of the calculation of thematic indicators_
| Innovation | Originality | Growth | Significance | Topic strength | Emerging degree | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Topic 12 | 0.793 | 0.446 | 0.390 | 0.913 | 1.000 | 0.722 |
| Topic 8 | 1.000 | 0.489 | 0.698 | 0.507 | 0.567 | 0.614 |
| Topic 6 | 0.632 | 0.591 | 0.616 | 0.709 | 0.375 | 0.595 |
| Topic 4 | 0.580 | 0.296 | 1.000 | 0.592 | 0.499 | 0.569 |
| Topic 2 | 0.145 | 0.566 | 0.191 | 0.730 | 0.777 | 0.533 |
| Topic 16 | 0.557 | 0.769 | 0.581 | 0.359 | 0.426 | 0.529 |
| Topic 9 | 0.351 | 0.342 | 0.144 | 0.882 | 0.376 | 0.474 |
| Topic 7 | 0.530 | 0.315 | 0.391 | 0.709 | 0.284 | 0.465 |
| Topic 3 | 0.272 | 0.000 | 0.342 | 1.000 | 0.256 | 0.427 |
| Topic 5 | 0.403 | 1.000 | 0.426 | 0.103 | 0.180 | 0.417 |
| Topic 13 | 0.310 | 0.217 | 0.379 | 0.768 | 0.046 | 0.383 |
| Topic 15 | 0.000 | 0.124 | 0.000 | 0.777 | 0.609 | 0.363 |
| Topic 11 | 0.090 | 0.213 | 0.360 | 0.753 | 0.044 | 0.343 |
| Topic 14 | 0.292 | 0.238 | 0.222 | 0.684 | 0.071 | 0.341 |
| Topic 1 | 0.264 | 0.263 | 0.262 | 0.506 | 0.268 | 0.334 |
| Topic 18 | 0.208 | 0.479 | 0.238 | 0.540 | 0.000 | 0.333 |
| Topic 10 | 0.329 | 0.758 | 0.404 | 0.000 | 0.246 | 0.330 |
| Topic 20 | 0.358 | 0.089 | 0.206 | 0.705 | 0.117 | 0.328 |
| Topic 17 | 0.216 | 0.332 | 0.447 | 0.392 | 0.156 | 0.318 |
| Topic 19 | 0.273 | 0.544 | 0.255 | 0.127 | 0.007 | 0.242 |
Emerging nanomedicine technology keywords classification_
| Category | Keywords |
|---|---|
| Nanomaterial Applications | Nanoparticles; Nanotubes; Nanofibers; Nanocrystals; Nanoshells; Metal nanoparticles (e.g.; Gold; Silver); Carbon nanomaterials (e.g.; Graphene; Fullerenes); Quantum dots; Polymeric nanoparticles; Nucleic acid Nanostructures |
| Drug Delivery Systems | Drug-loaded nanoparticles; Nanomicelles; Nanoemulsions; Nanocapsules; liposomes; Polymeric drug conjugates; Targeted drug delivery; Controlled release systems; PH-responsive nanocarriers; Temperature-responsive nanocarriers |
| Diagnostics and Imaging | Molecular imaging; Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI); Positron emission tomography (PET); Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT); Optical imaging; Fluorescence imaging; Raman spectroscopy imaging; Upconversion nanoparticle imaging; Multimodal imaging |
| Cancer diagnosis and treatment | Nanoparticles; Hypoxia therapy; Tumor-targeted therapy; Nanoimmunomodulators |
| Nanotherapy for infectious diseases | Nano-antimicrobials; Inflammation; Antimicrobial peptides; Nano-vaccines; Nano-antibiotics |
| Rational Design of Antimicrobial Peptides | Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs); Peptide design; Membrane disruption mechanisms; Antibiotic resistance |