| Age | Older age increases complication risk1,3,5 | Mean age 65.7 ± 13.3 years; 87.6% >50 years | Confirms older patients as high-risk |
| Sex | Women may have a higher bleeding risk; radial vs. femoral differences noted3,21 | 60.2% men; pseudoaneurysm 48.3% in women vs. 40.9% in men; hematoma 34.5% vs. 20.5% | Trends align; differences not significant |
| Major cardiovascular risk factors | Hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, smoking1,3,7 | Hypertension 42.4%, diabetes 36.9%, dyslipidemia 35.6%, smoking 34.2% | Quantitative confirmation of literature |
| Comorbidities | PAD, renal disease, coagulopathies, anemia4,6,10 | Cardiopathy 97.5%, anemia 67.1%, PAD 32.8%, CKD 26%, coagulopathies 28.7% | Supports comorbidity-related risk |
| Procedural risk factors | Large-bore sheaths, repeated interventions, complex PCI/TAVR3,9,15,27 | Previous interventions increase risk (p < 0.001); femoral access predominates | Confirms literature |
| Common complications | Pseudoaneurysm, hematoma, fistula, retroperitoneal hemorrhage1,3,5,14 | Pseudoaneurysm 43.8%, hematoma 26%, fistula 20.5%, others 9.6% | Matches literature; pseudoaneurysm most frequent |
| Access site | Femoral high-risk; radial reduces bleeding3,21 | 90% femoral complications | Fully aligned with literature |
| Management | Minimally invasive: thrombin injection, US-guided compression, endovascular repair, VCDs; surgery for severe cases14,22–26,32 | Surgery: suture 67.1%, plasty 23.3%, reconstruction 8.2%, bypass 1.4% | Study focuses on surgical interventions; literature emphasizes percutaneous first |
| Previous interventions | Increase risk with repeated punctures1,3,9 | 45.2% vs. 42.9%; p < 0.001 | Quantitative confirmation |
| Closure devices/Percutaneous techniques | Reduce risk; operator skill critical; bioabsorbable systems emerging24,31–34 | Not reported | Literature provides procedural context |
| Prevention and planning | Sheath-to-artery ratio, US guidance, imaging, expertise15,27,35 | Not reported | Literature emphasizes prevention |
| Statistical associations | Risks qualitatively described1,3,7 | Previous interventions significant (p < 0.001); sex differences NS | Study provides numerical support |
