References
- Ponikowski P, Voors AA, Anker SD, et al. 2016 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure: The Task Force for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Developed with the special contribution of the Heart Failure Association (HFA) of the ESC. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:2129-2200. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128.10.1093/eurheartj/ehw128
- Choi HM, Park MS, Youn JC. Update on heart failure management and future directions. Korean J Intern Med. 2019;34:11-43. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2018.428.10.3904/kjim.2018.428
- Rossignol P, Hernandez AF, Solomon SD, Zannad F. Heart failure drug treatment. Lancet. 2019;393:1034-1044. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31808-7.10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31808-7
- Braunwald E. Heart failure. JACC Heart Fail. 2013;1:1-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2012.10.002.10.1016/j.jchf.2012.10.002
- Zannad F. Rising incidence of heart failure demands action. Lancet. 2018;391:518-519. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32873-8.10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32873-8
- Murphy SP, Ibrahim NE, Januzzi JL. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a review. JAMA. 2020;324:488-504. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.10262.10.1001/jama.2020.1026232749493
- Virani SS, Alonso A, Benjamin EJ, et al. American Heart Association Council on Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2020 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2020;141:e139-e596. doi: 10.1161/CIR.0000000000000757.10.1161/CIR.000000000000075731992061
- Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, et al. 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA focused update of the 2013 ACCF/AHA Guideline for the Management of Heart Failure: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Clinical Practice Guidelines and the Heart Failure Society of America. Circulation. 2017;136:e137-e161. doi: 10.1016/j. cardfail.2017.04.014.
- Yancy CW, Januzzi JL Jr, Allen LA, et al. 2021 Update to the 2017 ACC expert consensus decision pathway for optimization of heart failure treatment: answers to 10 pivotal issues about heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: a report of the American College of Cardiology Solution Set Oversight Committee. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2021;77:772-810. doi: 10.1016/j. jacc.2020.11.022.
- McMurray JJV, Solomon SD, Inzucchi SE, et al. DAPA-HF Trial Committees and Investigators. Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:1995-2008. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1911303.10.1056/NEJMoa191130331535829
- Armstrong PW, Pieske B, Anstrom KJ, et al. VICTORIA Study Group. Vericiguat in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2020;382:1883-1893. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1915928.10.1056/NEJMoa191592832222134
- Teerlink JR, Diaz R, Felker GM, et al. Omecamtiv mecarbil in chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: rationale and design of GALACTIC-HF. JACC: Heart Fail. 2020;8:329-340. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2019.12.001.10.1016/j.jchf.2019.12.00132035892
- Halliday BP, Wassall R, Lota AS, et al. Withdrawal of pharmacological treatment for heart failure in patients with recovered dilated cardiomyopathy (TRED-HF): an open-label, pilot, randomised trial. Lancet. 2019; 393:61-73. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32484-X.10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32484-X
- Greene SJ, Butler J, Albert NM, et al. Medical therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: the CHAMP-HF registry. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2018;72:351-366. doi: 10.1016/j. jacc.2018.04.070.
- Azevedo PS, Polegato BF, Minicucci MF, Paiva SA, Zornoff LA. Cardiac remodelling: concepts, clinical impact, pathophysiological mechanisms and pharmacologic treatment. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2016;106:62-69. doi: 10.5935/abc.20160005.10.5935/abc.20160005
- Cohn JN, Ferrari R, Sharpe N. Cardiac remodeling-concepts and clinical implications: a consensus paper from an international forum on cardiac remodelling. Behalf of an International Forum on Cardiac Remodeling. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:569-582. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00630-0.10.1016/S0735-1097(99)00630-0
- Doenst T, Nguyen TD, Abel ED. Cardiac metabolism in heart failure: implications beyond ATP production. Circ Res. 2013;113:709-724. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300376.10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.300376
- Normand C, Kaye DM, Povsic TJ, Dickstein K. Beyond pharmacological treatment: an insight into therapies that target specific aspects of heart failure pathophysiology. Lancet. 2019;393:1045-1055. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32216-5.10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32216-5
- Tarone G, Balligand JL, Bauersachs J, et al. Targeting myocardial remodelling to develop novel therapies for heart failure: a position paper from the Working Group on Myocardial Function of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2014;16:494-508. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.62.10.1002/ejhf.62
- Kehat I, Molkentin JD. Molecular pathways underlying cardiac remodelling during pathophysiological stimulation. Circulation. 2010;122:2727-2735. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.942268.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.942268
- Tomasik A, Nowalany-Kozielska E. Pharmacological treatment of left ventricular remodelling: recent trial results. Clin Invest. 2015;5:767-776. doi: 10.1172/JCI41329.10.1172/JCI41329
- Marrow BA, Cook SA, Prasad SK, McCann GP. Emerging techniques for risk stratification in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: JACC review topic of the week. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75:1196-1207. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.058.10.1016/j.jacc.2019.12.058
- Lechat P, Brunhuber KW, Hofmann R, et al. The cardiac insufficiency bisoprolol study II (CIBIS-II): a randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;353:9-13. doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(98)11181-9.10.1016/S0140-6736(98)11181-9
- Hjalmarson Å, Goldstein S, Fagerberg B, et al. Effects of controlled-release metoprolol on total mortality, hospitalizations, and well-being in patients with heart failure: the Metoprolol CR/XL Randomized Intervention Trial in congestive heart failure (MERIT-HF). JAMA. 2000;283:1295-1302. doi: 10.1001/jama.283.10.1295.10.1001/jama.283.10.1295
- Packer M. US Carvedilol Heart Study Group. The effect of carvedilol on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 1996;334:1349-1355. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199605233342101.10.1056/NEJM199605233342101
- Packer M, Coats AJ, Fowler MB, et al. Effect of carvedilol on survival in severe chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;344:1651-1658. doi: 10.1056/NEJM200105313442201.10.1056/NEJM200105313442201
- Fröhlich H, Torres L, Täger T, et al. Bisoprolol compared with carvedilol and metoprolol succinate in the treatment of patients with chronic heart failure. Clin Research Cardiol. 2017;106:711-721. doi: 10.1007/s00392-017-1115-0.10.1007/s00392-017-1115-0
- Cohn JN, Tognoni G. A randomized trial of the angiotensin-receptor blocker valsartan in chronic heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2001;345:1667-1675. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa01071.
- Swedberg K, Kjekshus J, CONSENSUS Trial Study Group. Effects of enalapril on mortality in severe congestive heart failure: results of the Cooperative North Scandinavian Enalapril Survival Study (CONSENSUS). Am J Cardiol. 1988;62: 60A-66A. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9149(88)80087-0.10.1016/S0002-9149(88)80087-0
- Yusuf S, Pitt B, Davis CE, Hood WBJr, Cohn JN, SOLVD Investigators. Effect of enalapril on mortality and the development of heart failure in asymptomatic patients with reduced left ventricular ejection fractions. N Engl J Med. 1992;27:685-691. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199209033271003.10.1056/NEJM1992090332710031463530
- Packer M, Poole-Wilson PA, Armstrong PW, et al. Comparative effects of low and high doses of the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, lisinopril, on morbidity and mortality in chronic heart failure. Circulation. 1999;100:2312-2318.10.1161/01.CIR.100.23.2312
- Young JB, Dunlap ME, Pfeffer MA et al. Mortality and morbidity reduction with Candesartan in patients with chronic heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction: results of the CHARM low-left ventricular ejection fraction trials. Circulation. 2004;110:2618-2626. doi: 10.1161/01. CIR.0000146819.43235.A9.
- Hartupee J, Mann DL. Neurohormonal activation in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2017;14:30-38. doi: 10.1038/nrcardio.2016.163.10.1038/nrcardio.2016.163528691227708278
- Mărănducă MA, Tărniceru CC, Carasevici E, Cojocaru E. Interaction between angiotensin II, hypertension and inflammation in rat kidney. The Medical-Surgical Journal. 2015;119:791-797. doi: 10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.017.10.1016/j.phrs.2017.03.01728330785
- Bauersachs J, Jaisser F, Toto R. Mineralocorticoid receptor activation and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist treatment in cardiac and renal diseases. Hypertension. 2015;65:257-263. doi: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.04488.10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.114.0448825368026
- Berliner D, Bauersachs J. New drugs: big changes in conservative heart failure therapy? Eur J CardioThorac Surg. 2019;55:i3-i10. doi: 10.1093/ejcts/ezy421.10.1093/ejcts/ezy421652610031106335
- Li H, Duan Y, Chen B, et al. New pharmacological treatments for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF): A Bayesian network meta-analysis. Medicine. 2020;99:e18341. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000018341.10.1097/MD.0000000000018341700476832000355
- Berliner D, Hallbaum M, Bauersachs J. Current drug therapy for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Herz. 2018;43:383-391. doi: 10.1007/s00059-018-4712-4.10.1007/s00059-018-4712-429777284
- Van der Meer P, Gaggin HK, Dec GW. ACC/AHA versus ESC guidelines on heart failure: JACC guideline comparison. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;73:2756-2768. doi: 10.1016/j. jacc.2019.03.478.
- Reis Filho JRDAR, Cardoso JN, Cardoso CMDR, Pereira-Barretto AC. Reverse cardiac remodelling: a marker of better prognosis in heart failure. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2015;104:502-506. doi: 10.5935/abc.20150025.10.5935/abc.20150025448468326131706
- Hussein AA and Wilkoff BL. Cardiac implantable electronic device therapy in heart failure. Circulation Res. 2019;124:1584-1597. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.313571.10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.118.31357131120815
- Pitt B, Zannad F, Remme WJ, et al. The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized Aldactone Evaluation Study Investigators. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:709-717. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199909023411001.10.1056/NEJM19990902341100110471456
- Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2003;348:1309-1321. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa030207.10.1056/NEJMoa03020712668699
- Zannad F, McMurray JJ, Krum H, et al. Eplerenone in patients with systolic heart failure and mild symptoms. N Engl J Med. 2011;364:11-21. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1009492.10.1056/NEJMoa100949221073363
- Rossignol P, Cleland JG, Bhandari S, et al. Determinants and consequences of renal function variations with aldosterone blocker therapy in heart failure patients after myocardial infarction: insights from the Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study. Circulation. 2012;125:271-279. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.028282.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.02828222128223
- Rossignol P, Dobre D, McMurray JJ, et al. Incidence, determinants, and prognostic significance of hyperkalaemia and worsening renal function in patients with heart failure receiving the mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist eplerenone or placebo in addition to optimal medical therapy: results from the Eplerenone in Mild Patients Hospitalization and Survival Study in Heart Failure (EMPHASIS-HF). Circ Heart Fail. 2014;7:51-58. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000792.10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.00079224297687
- Vardeny O, Claggett B, Anand I, et al. Incidence, predictors, and outcomes related to hypo- and hyperkalaemia in patients with severe heart failure treated with a mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist. Circ Heart Fail. 2014;7:573-579. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001104.10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.114.001104
- Maisel A, Xue Y, van Veldhuisen DJ, et al. Effect of spironolactone on 30-day death and heart failure rehospitalization (from the COACH study). Am J Cardiol. 2014;114:737–742. doi: 10.1016/j. amjcard.2014.05.062.
- Taylor AL, Ziesche S, Yancy C, African-American Heart Failure Trial Investigators. Combination of isosorbide dinitrate and hydralazine in blacks with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2049-2057. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa042934.10.1056/NEJMoa042934
- Swedberg K, Komajda M, Böhm M, Borer JS, Ford I, Tavazzi L. Rationale and design of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled outcome trial of ivabradine in chronic heart failure: the Systolic Heart Failure Treatment with the I(f) Inhibitor Ivabradine Trial (SHIFT). Eur J Heart Fail. 2010;12:75-81. doi: 10.1093/eurjhf/hfp154.10.1093/eurjhf/hfp154
- Fox K, Ford I, Steg PG, et al. Heart rate as a prognostic risk factor in patients with coronary artery disease and left-ventricular systolic dysfunction (BEAUTIFUL): a subgroup analysis of a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;372:817-821. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61171-X.10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61171-X
- Swedberg K, Komajda M, Böhm M, SHIFT Investigators. Ivabradine and outcomes in chronic heart failure (SHIFT): a randomised placebo-controlled study. Lancet. 2010;376:875-885. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61198-1.10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61198-1
- Orasanu G, Al-Kindi SG, Oliveira GH. Ivabradine in management of heart failure: a critical appraisal. Curr Heart Fail Rep. 2016;13:60-69. doi: 10.1007/s11897-016-0276-x.10.1007/s11897-016-0276-x26797824
- Sattar Y, Samani EN, Zafrullah FNU, Latchana S, Patel NB. Ivabradine in congestive heart failure: patient selection and perspectives. Cureus. 2019;11:e4448. doi: 10.7759/cureus.4448.10.7759/cureus.4448656152831205834
- Tondi L, Fragasso G, Spoladore R, et al. Real-life indications to ivabradine treatment for heart rate optimization in patients with chronic systolic heart failure. J Cardiovasc Med. 2018;19:351-356. doi: 10.2459/JCM.0000000000000661.10.2459/JCM.000000000000066129762337
- Thorup L, Simonsen U, Grimm D, Hedegaard ER. Ivabradine: current and future treatment of heart failure. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2017;121:89-97. doi: 10.1111/bcpt.12784.10.1111/bcpt.1278428371247
- Agnetti G, Piepoli MF, Siniscalchi G, Nicolini F. New insights in the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure. BioMed Res Intern. 2015;2015:265260. doi: 10.1155/2015/265260.10.1155/2015/265260463745726634204
- McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, et al. Angiotensin– neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:993-1004. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1409077.10.1056/NEJMoa140907725176015
- Lytvyn Y, Bjornstad P, Udell JA, Lovshin JA, Cherney DZ. Sodium glucose cotransporter-2 inhibition in heart failure: potential mechanisms, clinical applications, and summary of clinical trials. Circulation. 2017;136:1643-1658. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030012.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030012584647029061576
- Ahmed HM, Khraishah H, Cho L. Cardioprotective anti-hyperglycaemic medications: a review of clinical trials. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:2368-2375. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx668.10.1093/eurheartj/ehx66829236983
- Packer M, Anker SD, Butler J, Filippatos G, Zannad F. Effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors for the treatment of patients with heart failure: proposal of a novel mechanism of action. JAMA Cardiol. 2017;2:1025-1029. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.2275.10.1001/jamacardio.2017.227528768320
- Verma S, McMurray JJ. SGLT2 inhibitors and mechanisms of cardiovascular benefit: a state-of-the-art review. Diabetologia. 2018;61:2108-2117. doi: 10.1007/s00125-018-4670-7.10.1007/s00125-018-4670-730132036
- Cosentino F, Grant PJ, Aboyans V, et al. 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD: The Task Force for diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Eur Heart J. 2020;41:255-323. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehz486.10.1093/eurheartj/ehz48631497854
- Seferović PM, Fragasso G, Petrie M, et al. Sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors in heart failure: beyond glycaemic control. A position paper of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2020;22:1495-1503. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1954.10.1002/ejhf.195432618086
- Seferovic PM, Ponikowski P, Anker SD, et al. Clinical practice update on heart failure 2019: pharmacotherapy, procedures, devices and patient management. An expert consensus meeting report of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail. 2019;21:1169-1186. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.1531.10.1002/ejhf.153131129923
- Stevenson LW, Desai AS. Selecting patients for discussion of the ICD as primary prevention for sudden death in heart failure. J Card Fail. 2006;12:407-412. doi: 10.1016/j. cardfail.2006.06.001.
- Sommer A, Kronborg MB, Nørgaard BL, et al. Multimodality imaging-guided left ventricular lead placement in cardiac resynchronization therapy: a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Heart Fail. 2016;18:1365-1374. doi: 10.1002/ejhf.530.10.1002/ejhf.53027087019
- Cleland JG, Daubert JC, Erdmann E, et al. The effect of cardiac resynchronization on morbidity and mortality in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:1539-1549. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa050496.10.1056/NEJMoa05049615753115
- Moss AJ, Hall WJ, Cannom DS, et al. Cardiac-resynchronization therapy for the prevention of heart-failure events. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1329-1338. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0906431.10.1056/NEJMoa090643119723701
- Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, et al. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2002;346:877-883. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa013474.10.1056/NEJMoa01347411907286
- Bardy GH. Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial (SCD-HeFT) Investigators. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2005;352:225-237. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043399.10.1056/NEJMoa04339915659722
- Marrouche NF, Brachmann J, Andresen D, et al. Catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2018;378:417-427. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1707855.10.1056/NEJMoa170785529385358
- Tofield A. The CABANA trial: a first glance at an important study. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:2767-2768. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy379.10.1093/eurheartj/ehy37930107429
- Brignole M, Pokushalov E, Pentimalli F, et al. A randomized controlled trial of atrioventricular junction ablation and cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and narrow QRS. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:3999-4008. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy555.10.1093/eurheartj/ehy55530165479
- Obadia JF, Messika-Zeitoun D, Leurent G, et al. Percutaneous repair or medical treatment for secondary mitral regurgitation. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:2297-2306. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1805374.10.1056/NEJMoa180537430145927
- Stone GW, Lindenfeld J, Abraham WT, et al. Transcatheter mitral-valve repair in patients with heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:2307-2318. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1806640.10.1056/NEJMoa180664030280640
- Givertz MM, Stevenson LW, Costanzo MR, CHAMPION Trial Investigators. Pulmonary artery pressure-guided management of patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:1875-1886. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.08.010.10.1016/j.jacc.2017.08.01028982501
- Kadish A, Nademanee K, Volosin K, et al. A randomized controlled trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of cardiac contractility modulation in advanced heart failure. Am Heart J. 2011;161:329-337. doi: 10.1016/j.ahj.2010.10.025.10.1016/j.ahj.2010.10.02521315216
- Abraham WT, Kuck KH, Goldsmith RL, et al. A randomized controlled trial to evaluate the safety and efficacy of cardiac contractility modulation. JACC Heart Fail. 2018;6:874-883. doi: 10.1016/j.jchf.2018.04.010.10.1016/j.jchf.2018.04.01029754812
- Kuschyk J, Nägele H, Heinz-Kuck K, et al. Cardiac contractility modulation treatment in patients with symptomatic heart failure despite optimal medical therapy and cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). Int J Cardiol. 2019;277:173-177. doi: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.10.086.10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.10.08630409733
- Wiegn P, Chan R, Jost C, et al. Safety, performance, and efficacy of cardiac contractility modulation delivered by the 2-lead optimizer smart system: The FIX-HF-5C2 Study. Circulation: Heart Fail. 2020;13:p.e006512. doi: 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.006512.10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.119.00651232264716
- Tariq S, Aronow WS. Use of inotropic agents in treatment of systolic heart failure. Intern J Mol Sci. 2015;16:29060-29068. doi: 10.3390/ijms161226147.10.3390/ijms161226147469109426690127
- Planelles-Herrero VJ, Hartman JJ, Robert-Paganin J, Malik FI, Houdusse A. Mechanistic and structural basis for activation of cardiac myosin force production by omecamtiv mecarbil. Nat Commun. 2017;8:1-10. doi: 10.1038/s41467-017-00176-5.10.1038/s41467-017-00176-5554306528775348
- Psotka MA, Teerlink JR. Direct myosin activation by omecamtiv mecarbil for heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2017;243:465-490. doi: 10.1007/164_2017_13.10.1007/164_2017_1328315072
- Anker SD, Ponikowski P, Mitrovic V, Peacock WF, Filippatos G. Ularitide for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure: from preclinical to clinical studies. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:715-723. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu484.10.1093/eurheartj/ehu484436885725670819
- Kentsch M, Ludwig D, Drummer C, Gerzer R, Müller-Esch G. Haemodynamic and renal effects of urodilatin bolus injections in patients with congestive heart failure. Eur J Clin Investing. 1992;22:662-669. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu484.10.1093/eurheartj/ehu484
- Ghosh RK, Banerjee K, Tummala R, Ball S, Ravakhah K, Gupta A. Serelaxin in acute heart failure: most recent update on clinical and preclinical evidence. Cardiovasc Ther. 2017;35:55-63. doi: 10.1111/1755-5922.12231.10.1111/1755-5922.1223127727514
- Bathgate RA, Halls ML, van der Westhuizen ET, Callander GE, Kocan M, Summers RJ. Relaxin family peptides and their receptors. Physiol Rev. 2013;93:405-480. doi: 10.1152/physrev.00001.2012.10.1152/physrev.00001.201223303914
- Dschietzig T, Teichman S, Unemori E, et al. Intravenous recombinant human relaxin in compensated heart failure: a safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamic trial. J Cardiac Fail. 2009;15:182-190. doi: 10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.01.008.10.1016/j.cardfail.2009.01.008
- Teerlink JR, Metra M, Felker GM, et al. Relaxin for the treatment of patients with acute heart failure (Pre-RELAX-AHF): a multicentre, randomised, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, dose-finding phase IIb study. Lancet. 2009;373:1429-1439. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60622-X.10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60622-X
- Teerlink JR, Cotter G, Davison BA. RELAXin in Acute Heart Failure (RELAX-AHF) Investigators. Serelaxin, recombinant human relaxin-2, for treatment of acute heart failure (RELAX-AHF): a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2013;381:29-39. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61855-8.10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61855-8
- Inomata T, Ikeda Y, Kida K, Kanagawa Aquaresis Investigators. Effects of additive tolvaptan vs. increased furosemide on heart failure with diuretic resistance and renal impairment-results from the K-STAR Study. Circulation. 2017;82:159-167. doi: 10.1253/circj.CJ-17-0179.10.1253/circj.CJ-17-017928835586
- Pose A, Almenar L, Gavira JJ, et al. Benefit of tolvaptan in the management of hyponatraemia in patients with diuretic-refractory congestive heart failure: the SEMI-SEC project. ESC Heart Fail. 2017;4:130-137. doi: 10.1002/ehf2.12124.10.1002/ehf2.12124539604128451449
- Uemura Y, Shibata R, Takemoto K, et al. Safety and efficacy of long-term use of tolvaptan in patients with heart failure and chronic kidney disease. Circ J. 2017;81:1736-1738. doi: 10.1253/circj.CJ-17-0554.10.1253/circj.CJ-17-055428883217
- Kinugawa K, Sato N, Inomata T, et al. Efficacy and safety of tolvaptan in heart failure patients with volume overload. Circ J. 2014;78:844-852. doi.org/10.1253/circj.CJ-66-0093.10.1253/circj.CJ-14-0126
- Feldman T, Mauri L, Kahwash R, et al. Transcatheter interatrial shunt device for the treatment of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (REDUCE LAP-HF I [reduce elevated left atrial pressure in patients with heart failure]): a phase 2, randomized, sham-controlled trial. Circulation. 2018;137:364-375. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.032094.10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.03209429142012
- De Ferrari GM, Stolen C, Tuinenburg AE. Long-term vagal stimulation for heart failure: Eighteen month results from the NEural Cardiac TherApy foR Heart Failure (NECTAR-HF) trial. Intern J Cardiol. 2017;244:229-234. doi: 10.1016/j. ijcard.2017.06.036.
- Gold MR, Van Veldhuisen DJ, Hauptman PJ, et al. Vagus nerve stimulation for the treatment of heart failure: the INOVATE-HF trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68:149-158. doi: 10.1016/j. jacc.2016.03.525.