Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Sub-phenotypes and delayed splenic pseudoaneurysm formation
| Overall (n=434) | Sub-phenotypes | p value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sub-phenotype 1 (n=32) | Sub-phenotype 2 (n=191) | Sub-phenotype 3 (n=211) | |||
| Formation of delayed splenic pseudoaneurysm, n (%) | 46 (10.6) | 7 (21.9) | 25 (13.1) | 14 (6.6) | 0.01 |
Logistic regression analysis for the correlation between sub-phenotypes and delayed splenic pseudoaneurysm formation
| Crude OR | 95% CI (lower) | 95% CI (upper) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formation of delayed splenic pseudoaneurysm | ||||
| Sub-phenotypes | ||||
| Sub-phenotype 1 | 3.94 | 1.45 | 10.7 | 0.007 |
| Sub-phenotype 2 | 2.12 | 1.07 | 4.21 | 0.03 |
| Sub-phenotype 3 | ref | ref | ref | - |
Demographics and characteristics of analyzed patients with stratified by sub-phenotypes
| Variables | Overall (n=434) Formation of delayed splenic pseudoaneurysm: n=46 (10.6%) | Sub-phenotypes | p value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sub-phenotype 1 (n=32) Formation of delayed splenic pseudoaneurysm: n=7 (21.9%) | Sub-phenotype 2 (n=191) Formation of delayed splenic pseudoaneurysm: n=25 (13.1%) | Sub-phenotype 3 (n=211) Formation of delayed splenic pseudoaneurysm: n=14 (6.6%) | |||
| Age, years, median (IQR) | 10 (7–13) | 9 (7.8–12) | 13 (12–15) | 8 (5.5–9) | < .001 |
| Male, n (%) | 303 (69.8) | 19 (59.4) | 145 (75.9) | 139 (65.9) | 0.03 |
| Weight, kg, median (IQR) | 33 (24.1–47) | 29.5 (25–39.8) | 48 (41–55) | 25 (19.4–29.5) | < .001 |
| Past medical history, n (%) | |||||
| None | 366 (84.3) | 30 (93.8) | 153 (80.1) | 183 (86.7) | 0.65 |
| Hematologic disease | 2 (0.5) | 0 0) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Neuropsychiatric disorder | 23 (5.3) | 0 (0) | 13 (6.8) | 10 (4.7) | |
| Chromosomal abnormalities | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Congenital anomaly | 5 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 2 (1.0) | 3 (1.4) | |
| Asthma | 22 (5.1) | 1 (3.1) | 14 (7.3) | 7 (3.3) | |
| Others | 16 (3.7) | 1 (3.1) | 8 (4.2) | 7 (3.3) | |
| Situation of injury, n (%) | |||||
| Fall | 109 (25.1) | 6 (18.8) | 29 (15.2) | 74 (35.1) | 0.009 |
| Fall down | 41 (9.5) | 2 (6.2) | 10 (5.2) | 29 (13.7) | |
| Sport | 66 (15.2) | 2 (6.2) | 50 (26.2) | 14 (6.6) | |
| Bicycle | 82 (18.9) | 5 (15.6) | 53 (27.7) | 24 (11.4) | |
| Motor vehicle crash | 49 (11.3) | 7 (21.9) | 21 (11.0) | 21 (10.0) | |
| Struck by vehicle | 59 (13.6) | 9 (28.1) | 11 (5.8) | 39 (18.5) | |
| Abuse | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Assault | 12 (2.8) | 1 (3.1) | 11 (5.8) | 0 (0) | |
| Others | 15 (3.5) | 0 (0) | 6 (3.1) | 9 (4.3) | |
| Shock on arrival, n (%) | 19 (4.4) | 6 (18.8) | 8 (4.2) | 5 (2.4) | 0.002 |
| Hb on arrival, mg/dl, median (IQR) | 12.3 (11.2–13.3) | 11.1 (8.8–11.9) | 13.1 (11.7–13.9) | 12.0 (11.2–12.8) | < .001 |
| Plt on arrival, ×103/μL, median (IQR) | 25.7 (21.6–31.3) | 22.8 (15.7–28.1) | 23.9 (20.8–28.7) | 28.9 (23.1–33.3) | < .001 |
| PT-INR on arrival, median (IQR) | 1.12 (1.05–1.21) | 1.27 (1.18–1.56) | 1.15 (1.08–1.24) | 1.08 (1.02–1.14) | < .001 |
| Capsular tear of spleen, n (%) | |||||
| None | 118 (27.2) | 2 (6.2) | 53 (27.7) | 63 (29.9) | 0.03 |
| Yes | 298 (68.7) | 30 (93.8) | 131 (68.6) | 137 (64.9) | |
| Unknown | 18 (4.2) | 0 (0) | 7 (3.7) | 11 (5.2) | |
| Contrast extravasation in spleen, n (%) | 93 (21.4) | 22 (68.8) | 49 (25.7) | 22 (10.4) | < .001 |
| Intra-abdominal bleeding, n (%) | 355 (81.8) | 28 (87.5) | 158 (82.7) | 169 (80.1) | 0.60 |
| Concomitant injury to other organs, n (%) | 136 (31.3) | 20 (62.5) | 65 (34.0) | 51 (24.2) | < .001 |
| OIS 2018 of spleen, n (%) | |||||
| 1 | 34 (7.8) | 1 (3.1) | 12 (6.3) | 21 (10.0) | < .001 |
| 2 | 158 (36.4) | 4 (12.5) | 71 (37.2) | 83 (39.3) | |
| 3 | 148 (34.1) | 8 (25.0) | 64 (33.5) | 76 (36.0) | |
| 4 | 73 (16.8) | 15 (46.9) | 34 (17.8) | 24 (11.4) | |
| 5 | 21 (4.8) | 4 (12.5) | 10 (5.2) | 7 (3.3) | |
| ISS, median (IQR) | 9 (6–17) | 31.5 (21.5–42.3) | 9 (5.5–17) | 9 (5–14) | |
| Blood transfusion, n (%) | 69 (15.9) | 25 (78.1) | 25 (13.1) | 19 (9.0) | |
| Cryoprecipitate transfusion, n (%) | 4 (0.9) | 3 (9.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | 0.001 |
| Fibrinogen transfusion, n (%) | 2 (0.5) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.5) | 1 (0.5) | 1.0 |
| Infusion of tranexamic acid, n (%) | 95 (21.9) | 8 (25.0) | 50 (26.2) | 37 (17.5) | 0.09 |
| Method of IVR | |||||
| None or angiography only | 425 (97.9) | 31 (96.9) | 185 (96.9) | 209 (99.1) | 0.28 |
| Embolization with Gelatin Sponge | 5 (1.2) | 0 (0) | 4 (2.1) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Embolization with coil | 4 (0.9) | 1 (3.1) | 2 (1.0) | 1 (0.5) | |
| Others | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |
| Unknown | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | |