Table 1.
Comparison of Clinical, Laboratory, and Outcome Parameters in Elderly (65–79 Years) and Very Elderly (80+ Years) Septic Patients
| Parameters | 65–79 Years, N=162 | 80+ Years, N=89 | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gender, N (%) | |||
| Male | 99 (61.1) | 49 (55.1) | 0.351 |
| Female | 63 (38.9) | 40 (44.9) | |
| Comorbidities, N (%) | |||
| Diabetes Mellitus | 63 (38.9) | 27 (30.3) | 0.177 |
| Hypertension | 66 (40.7) | 28 (31.5) | 0.146 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 23 (14.2) | 22 (24.7) | 0.057 |
| End stage kidney disease | 7 (4.3) | 2 (2.2) | 0.498 |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 20 (12.3) | 15 (16.9) | 0.426 |
| Congestive heart failure | 27 (16.7) | 22 (24.7) | 0.17 |
| Coronary artery disease | 47 (29.0) | 28 (31.5) | 0.685 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 11 (6.8) | 16 (18.0) | 0.012 |
| İmmobility | 4 (2.5) | 10 (11.2) | 0.007 |
| Dementia | 11 (6.8) | 23 (25.8) | <0.001 |
| Liver disease | 10 (6.2) | 6 (6.7) | 0.893 |
| Rheumatic disease | 8 (4.9) | 1 (1.1) | 0.165 |
| Malignancy | 99 (61.1) | 24 (27.0) | < 0.001 |
| Chalrlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 4.10 (2.30) | 3.2 (2.10) | <0.001 |
| Laboratory, median (IQR) | |||
| CRP, mg/L | 141.53 (87.02–209.54) | 125.00 (83.52–195.54) | 0.179 |
| Procalcitonin, ng/mL | 2.94 (0.62–16.03) | 2.40 (0.52–8.01) | 0.180 |
| WBC, 1000/µL | 12.33 (7.60–17.71) | 13.02 (10.04–18.01) | 0.280 |
| Hb, g/Ll | 9.42 (8.43–10.90) | 10.03 (9.04–11.02) | 0.009 |
| PLT, 1000/µL | 149.13 (70.53–246.54) | 200.34 (110.21–293.40) | 0.011 |
| Crea, mg/dL | 1.81 (0.94–2.91) | 1.63 (1.12–2.92) | 0.599 |
| PH | 7.38 (7.30–7.44) | 7.39 (7.28–7.45) | 0.487 |
| PCO2, mmHg | 40.03 (34.02–49.31) | 40.04 (34.03–54.01) | 0.585 |
| Lactate, mmol/L | 2.11 (1.42–3.30) | 2.04 (1.51–3.11) | 0.859 |
| Organ Support, N (%) | |||
| IMV | 72 (44.4) | 55 (61.0) | 0.009 |
| Vasopressor/Inotrope | 127 (78.4) | 76 (85.4) | 0.238 |
| HD | 46 (28.4) | 20 (22.5) | 0.308 |
| Severity of disease, mean (SD) point | |||
| SOFA | 10.50 (3.90) | 9.80 (3.20) | 0.149 |
| APACHE II | 25.80 (8.10) | 25.20 (7.60) | 0.863 |
| Outcomes | |||
| IMV LOS, median (IQR) day | 2.00 (0.00–7.00) | 4.00 (1.00–9.00) | 0.090 |
| ICU LOS, median (IQR) day | 6.00 (3.00–11.00 | 8.00 (4.00–13.00) | 0.027 |
| ICU mortality, N (%) | 133 (82.1) | 63 (70.8) | 0.056 |
[i] Abbreviations: N (%) : Number (percentage), CRP : C-reactive protein, WBC : White blood cell count, Hb : Hemoglobin, PLT : Platelet count, Crea : Creatinine, PH : Blood pH level, PCO2 : Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, IMV : Invasive mechanical ventilation, HD : Hemodialysis, SOFA : Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score, APACHE II : Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, LOS : Length of stay, ICU : Intensive care unit, SD : Standard deviation, IQR : Interquartile range, P value : Probability value indicating statistical significance.
Fig. 1.
Kaplan–Meier survival curve comparing ICU mortality between elderly (65–79 years) and very elderly (80+ years) sepsis patients.
Table 2.
Comparison of Sepsis Etiology, Sources, and Origins by Age Group
| Etiology of sepsis | 65–79 Years old, N (%) | 80 Years and older N (%) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial infection | |||
| Gram-positive | 92 (56.8) | 46 (51.7) | 0.437 |
| Gram-negative | 67 (41.4) | 43 (48.3) | 0.288 |
| Fungal infection | 34 (21.0) | 31 (34.8) | 0.017 |
| Viral infection | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0) | 0.458 |
| Source of sepsis | |||
| Pulmonary | 89 (54.9) | 53 (59.6) | 0.481 |
| Urinary | 21 (13.0) | 19 (21.3) | 0.083 |
| Intra-abdominal | 47 (29.0) | 20 (22.5) | 0.262 |
| Bloodstream | 10 (6.2) | 8 (9.0) | 0.408 |
| Soft tissue | 7 (4.3) | 4 (4.5) | 0.949 |
| Central nervous system | 6 (3.7) | 0 (0) | 0.066 |
| Origin of sepsis | 0.329 | ||
| Community | 59 (36.4) | 38 (42.7) | |
| Hospital | 103 (63.6) | 51 (57.3) |
Table 3.
Factors Predicting Mortality in Elderly Patients with Sepsis
| Factor | Univariate OR (95% CI) | P * | Multivariate OR (95% CI | P * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severity of disease | ||||
| SOFA | 1.23 (1.17,1.42) | <0.001 | 1.26 (1.07, 1.48) | 0.005 |
| APACHE | 1.11 (1.06,1.15) | <0.001 | ||
| Laboratory | ||||
| Lactate, mmol/L | 1.28 (1.04, 1.59) | 0.022 | ||
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Malignancy | 1.46 (1.11, 1.92) | 0.007 | 1.38 (1.04, 2.10) | 0.039 |
| Organ support | ||||
| IMV | 2.26 (1.59, 3.20) | <0.001 | ||
| Vasopressor/Inotrope | 1.82 (1.31, 2.50) | <0.001 | ||
| Etiology of sepsis | ||||
| Fungal infection | 1.67 (1.12, 2.47) | 0.011 | 1.53 (1.01, 2.33) | 0.046 |
| Origin of sepsis | ||||
| Hospital acquired | 2.12 (1.51, 2.97) | <0.001 | 1.74 (1.02, 3.08) | 0.019 |
| Events | ||||
| Acute kidney injury | 2.39 (1.72, 3.31) | <0.001 | 2.18 (1.29, 3.72) | 0.003 |
* Only variables with p < 0.05 are presented in the table. Variables with non-significant p-values or wide confidence intervals were excluded from the table due to their lack of clear association with mortality. These factors were considered in the full model but are not reported here to maintain focus on significant findings.
Table 4.
Factors Predicting Mortality in Very Elderly Patients with Sepsis
| Factor | Univariate OR (95% CI) | P * | Multivariate OR (95% CI | P * |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Severity of disease | ||||
| SOFA | 1.22 (1.05, 1.42) | 0.006 | 1.24 (1.04–1.49) | 0.017 |
| APACHE | 1.10 (1.04, 1.18) | <0.001 | ||
| Laboratory | ||||
| PCO2, mmHg | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) | 0.021 | ||
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Malignancy | 2.14 (1.15, 3.99) | 0.016 | 1.63 (1.02–2.46) | 0.026 |
| Organ support | ||||
| IMV | 2.14 (1.41, 3.25) | <0.001 | ||
| Vasopressor/Inotrope | 1.66 (1.20, 2.30) | 0.002 | ||
| Etiology of sepsis | ||||
| Fungal infection | 1.59 (1.03, 2.44) | 0.034 | 1.45 (1.01–2.08) | 0.045 |
| Origin of sepsis | ||||
| Hospital acquired | 2.01 (1.34, 3.00) | <0.001 | 1.88 (1.11–3.20) | 0.022 |
| Events | ||||
| Acute kidney injury | 2.28 (1.30, 4.00) | 0.003 | 2.12 (1.18–3.79) | 0.007 |
* Only variables with p < 0.05 are presented in the table. Variables with non-significant p-values or wide confidence intervals were excluded from the table due to their lack of clear association with mortality. These factors were considered in the full model but are not reported here to maintain focus on significant findings.