Fig. 1.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.
Correlation between RRI, venous flow pattern, and parameters of volume status of patients
| Parameters | RRI≥0.75 | Venous flow patter | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=20) | No (n=41) | P-value | Continuous (n=30) | Biphasic (n=17) | Monophasic (n=14) | P-value | |||
| New York heart association class | 2 | n=1 (5%) | n=3 (7.3%) | n=4 (13.3%) | n=0 (0.0%) | n=0 (0.0%) | |||
| 3 | n=6 (30%) | n=18 (43.9%) | 0.622 | n=17 (56.7%) | n=7 (41.2%) | n=0 (0.0%) | < 0.001 | ||
| 4 | n=13 (65%) | n=20 (48.8%) | n=9 (30%) | n=10 (58.8%) | n=14 (100%) | ||||
| Central venous pressure (cmH2o) | 17.00±4.08 | 14.49±4.6 | 0.045 | 12.20±3.32 | 17.41±4.00 | 19.43±2.79 | < 0.001 | ||
| Lower limb edema | n=12 (60%) | n=27 (65.9%) | 0.655 | n=17 (56.7%) | n=8 (47.1%) | n=14 (100%) | 0.005 | ||
| 3rd heart sound | n=5 (25%) | n=3 (7.3%) | 0.100 | n=1 (3.3%) | n=1 (5.9%) | n=6 (42.9%) | 0.002 | ||
| Pulmonary Rales | n=15 (75%) | n=23 (56.1%) | 0.153 | n=14 (46.7%) | n=12 (70.6%) | n=12 (85.7%) | 0.032 | ||
| Chest X-ray findings: | No specific findings | n=3 (15%) | n=17 (41.5%) | n=13 (43.3%) | n=6 (35.3%) | n=1 (7.1%) | < 0.001 | ||
| Cardiomegaly | n=1 (5%) | n=11 (26.8%) | n=11 (36.7%) | n=0 (0.0%) | n=1 (7.1%) | ||||
| Vascular cephalization | n=4 (20%) | n=5 (12.2%) | 0.004 | n=3 (10%) | n=4 (23.5%) | n=2 (14.3%) | |||
| Interstitial edema | n=8 (40%) | n=7 (17.1%) | n=3 (10%) | n=6 (35.3%) | n=6 (42.9%) | ||||
| Alveolar edema | n=4 (20%) | n=1 (2.4%) | n=0 (0.0%) | n=1 (5.9%) | n=4 (28.6%) | ||||
| IVC collapsibility | 19.61±4.63 | 24.77±6.03 | <0.001 | 27.57±4.35 | 20.60±3.72 | 16.46±3.11 | 0.019 | ||
| ProBNP(pg.\ml) | 8400± 4086.6 | 5310± 2627.7 | 0.002 | 4171.67± 1658.92 | 7158.82± 2732 | 9918.57± 3832.36 | < 0.001 | ||
| PaO2/FiO2 ratio | 288.40±47.51 | 313.37±42.73 | 0.043 | 327.40±26.83 | 303.82±37.03 | 259.21±53.40 | < 0.001 | ||
Comparisons between morbidity and mortality-related data after its classification according to RRI and VFP
| RRI>=0.75 | venous flow pattern | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (n=20) | No (n=41) | P-value | Continuous (n=30) | Biphasic (n=17) | Monophasic (n=14) | P-value | |
| Noninvasive ventilation | n=6 (30.0%) | n=3 (7.3%) | 0.048 | n=1 (3.3%) | n=2 (11.8%) | n=6 (42.9%) | 0.004 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | n=1 (5.0%) | n=2 (4.9%) | 1 | n=0 (0.0%) | n=0 (0.0%) | n=3 (21.4%) | 0.010 |
| failure of NIV to IMV | n=1 (5.0%) | n=0 (0.0%) | 0.328 | n=0 (0.0%) | n=1 (5.9%) | n=0 (0.0%) | 0.508 |
| length of hospital stays (days) | 7.40±2.56 | 6.05±2.34 | 0.045 | 5.37±1.71 | 6.82±2.40 | 8.502.71 | 0.165 |
| In-hospital mortality | n=4 (20.0%) | n=2 (4.9%) | 0.084 | n=0 (0.0%) | n=1 (5.9%) | n=5 (35.7%) | <0.001 |
| Survival time within 3 months-follow up (days) | 53.35±36.8 | 83.90±18.7 | 0.002 | 89.10±4.9 | 73.18±28.6 | 42.14±36.7 | < 0.001 |
| Readmission within 3 months | n=13 (65%) | n=7 (17%) | < 0.001 | n=3 (10.0%) | n=9 (52.9%) | n=8 (57.1%) | < 0.001 |
| 3-months mortality | n=7 (35.0%) | n=4 (9.8%) | 0.030 | n=1 (3.3%) | n=5 (29.4%) | n=5 (35.7%) | 0.005 |
| SOFA score | 4.85±3.01 | 1.95±1.76 | <0.001 | 1.50±1.22 | 2.94±1.71 | 5.86±3.25 | <0.001 |
| ADHERE risk score | 1.70±0.47 | 1.29±0.46 | 0.002 | 1.23±0.43 | 1.47±0.51 | 1.79±0.43 | <0.001 |
| GWTG-HF score | 50.15±12.47 | 41.02±10.9 | 0.005 | 38.13±7.36 | 42.18±7.78 | 58.86±12.92 | 0.002 |