Characteristics of study population
| Characteristics | - | Total (n=77) | ICP (n=40) | ICP+PbtO2 (n=37) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | - | 33.4 ± 11.4 | 31.6 ± 10.8 | 35.3 ± 11.7 | 0.144 |
| Gender | M | 60 (77.9%) | 32 (80.0%) | 28 (75.7%) | 0.78 |
| F | 17 (22.1%) | 8 (20.0%) | 9 (24.3%) | ||
| Mechanism of injury | Fall | 25 (32.5%) | 12 (30.0%) | 13 (35.1%) | 0.875 |
| Motor vehicle accident | 45 (58.4%) | 24 (60.0%) | 21 (56.8%) | ||
| Pedestrian–vehicle collision | 7 (9.1%) | 4 (10.0%) | 3 (8.1%) | ||
| Type of injury | Isolated TBI | 23 (29.9%) | 12 (30.0%) | 11 (29.7%) | 0.746 |
| Polytrauma | 54 (70.1%) | 28 (70.0%) | 26 (70.3%) | ||
| ISS | - | 30.1 ± 7.0 | 31.6 ± 8.7 | 28.8 ± 6.7 | 0.193 |
| Vasopressors at admission | YES | 31 (40.3%) | 16 (40.0%) | 15 (40.5%) | 0.961 |
| NO | 46 (59.7%) | 24 (60.0%) | 22 (59.5%) | ||
| MAP at admission | mmHg | 82.9 ± 8.5 | 81.9 ± 9.8 | 83.1 ± 8.5 | 0.535 |
| HR at admisson | beat/minute | 78.3 ± 13.0 | 77.6 ± 10.9 | 78.3 ± 13.2 | 0.849 |
| Days on vasopressor | - | 6(6) | 6(6) | 6(6) | 0.857 |
| initial GCS | 3 | 53 (68.9%) | 30 (75.0%) | 23 (62.2%) | 0.19 |
| 4 | 10 (12.9%) | 2 (5.0%) | 8 (21.6%) | ||
| 5 | 10 (12.9%) | 6 (15.0%) | 4 (10.8%) | ||
| 6 | 4 (5.3%) | 2 (5.0%) | 2 (5.4%) | ||
| 7 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| 8 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | ||
| initial CT categories | EDH | 17 (22.1%) | 8 (20.0%) | 9 (24.3%) | 0.64 |
| SDH | 45 (58.4%) | 23 (57.5%) | 22 (59.5%) | ||
| SAH | 53 (68.8%) | 26 (65.0%) | 27 (73.0%) | ||
| ICH | 36 (46.8%) | 14 (35.0%) | 22 (59.5%) | ||
| DAI | 11 (14.3%) | 7 (17.5%) | 4 (10.8%) | ||
| initial CT Marshall classification | 1 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.568 |
| 2 | 32 (41.6%) | 16 (40%) | 16 (43.2%) | ||
| 3 | 12 (15.6%) | 7 (17.5%) | 5 (13.6%) | ||
| 4 | 4 (5.2%) | 1 (2.5%) | 3 (8.1%) | ||
| 5 | 19 (24.7%) | 12 (30.0%) | 7 (18.9%) | ||
| 6 | 10 (13.0%) | 4 (10.0%) | 6 (16.2%) | ||
| initial ICP (mmHg) | - | 18.1 ± 7.9 | 16.6 ± 6.7 | 19.7 ± 8.9 | 0.54 |
| Operation | CTO | 35 (45.5%) | 14 (35.0%) | 11 (29.7%) | 0.98 |
| CE | 9 (11.7%) | 5 (12.5%) | 4 (10.8%) | ||
Cerebral Monitoring Data
| Cerebral monitoring | ICP | IPC+PbtO2 | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| ICP (mmHg) | 12.2 ± 2.8 | 10.1 ± 2.5 | 0.142 |
| CPP (mmHg) | 77.0 ± 4.3 | 76.5 ± 3.6 | 0.973 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 112.5 ± 7.5 | 140.3 ± 15.0 | 0.045 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 37.5 ± 2.3 | 40.5 ± 3.8 | 0.789 |
| PbtO2 (mmHg) | - | 25.8 ± 4.0 | - |
Clinical outcome data
| Outcome | ICP | ICP+PbtO2 | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mechanical ventilation (days) | 11.5 (9) | 10 (6.5) | 0.502 |
| ICU LOS | 17 (14) | 15.5 (10) | 0.857 |
| Hospital LOS | 29 (11) | 24 (12) | 0.246 |
| GOS score 30 days after injury | 3 (1,5) | 3(1,5) | 0.107 |
| GOS score 6 months after injury | 3(2) | 4(2) | 0.013 |
| 180-days mortality | 8 (20.0%) | 3 (10.8%) | 0.335 |
| Favourable Outcomes (GOS 4 or 5) 30 days after TBI | 10 (25.0%) | 14 (37.8%) | 0.224 |
| Mechanism of injury | |||
| Fall | 3 (7.5%) | 6 (16.2%) | 0.809 |
| Motor vehicle accident | 6 (15.0%) | 7 (18.9%) | |
| Pedestrian–vehicle collision | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (2.7%) | |
| Type of injury | |||
| Isolated TBI | 1 (2.5.%) | 5 (13.5%) | 0.151 |
| Polytrauma | 9 (22.5%) | 9 (24.3%) | |
| Favourable Outcomes (GOS 4 or 5) 6 months after TBI | 16 (40.0%) | 24 (64.9%) | 0.029 |
| Mechanism of injury | |||
| Fall | 4 (10.0%) | 9 (24.3%) | 0.700 |
| Motor vehicle accident | 11 (27.5%) | 14 (37.8%) | |
| Pedestrian–vehicle collision | 1 (2.5%) | 1 (2.7%) | |
| Type of injury | |||
| Isolated TBI | 4 (10.0%) | 7 (18.9%) | 0.772 |
| Polytruama | 12 (30.0%) | 17 (45.9%) | |