Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Rating of Qol parameters
| 1st Survey (16) | Current survey | |
|---|---|---|
| Physical (PF) Functioning | 84.2 | 82.07 |
| Physical Role (PR) | 75.7 | 62.09 |
| Bodily Pain (BP) | 74.4 | 67.78 |
| General Health (GH) | 69 | 67.38 |
| Vitality (VT) | 63.5 | 61.63 |
| Social Functioning (SF) | 69.5 | 61.20 |
| Mental Health (MH) | 74.1 | 65.30 |
| Emotional Role (ER) | 66.6 | 66.09 |
Anxiety/Depression effect on SF-36 parameters
| PF | PR | BP | GH | VT | SF | ER | MH | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SAS | Pearson R | -,541** | ,026 | -,563** | -,515** | -,616** | -,069 | -,576** | -,624** |
| p-value | ,000 | ,755 | ,000 | ,000 | ,000 | ,411 | ,000 | ,000 | |
| SDS | Pearson R | -,450** | -,008 | -,369** | -,440** | -,587** | -,056 | -,482** | -,635** |
| p-value | ,000 | ,922 | ,000 | ,000 | ,000 | ,506 | ,000 | ,000 |
Sample characteristics, COVID-19 related factors and psychological status
| N (%) | |
|---|---|
| Gender | |
| Men | 48 (32.7) |
| Women | 99 (77.3) |
| Specialty | |
| Medical Doctor | 31(21.1) |
| Medical Nurse | 85(57.8) |
| Other | 31(21.1) |
| Education | |
| Secondary Higher Education | 3(2) |
| Tertiary Education | 87(59.2) |
| Postgraduate studies | 38(25.9) |
| Doctoral studies | 19(12.9) |
| Marital status | |
| Unmarried | 33(22.4) |
| Married | 100(68.0) |
| Divorced | 14(9.5) |
| Years of working | |
| <1 | 5(3.4) |
| 1-5 | 14(9.5) |
| 6-10 | 27(18.4) |
| 11-15 | 27(18.4) |
| >15 | 74(50.3) |
| Weekly working hours for the last two months | |
| <10 | 6(4.1) |
| 11-20 | 1(7) |
| 21-40 | 86(58.5) |
| 41-60 | 48(32.7) |
| >61 | 6(4.1) |
| Word during weekends in the last two months | |
| Never | 38(25.9) |
| Every two weeks | 62(42.2) |
| Every week one day of the weekend | 29(19.7) |
| Every week on both days | 18(12.2) |
| Department | |
| Closed section (unit) | 78(53.1) |
| Open ward (Clinic, Health Center) | 69(46.9) |
| Previous medical history | |
| My health is in good condition | 86.4(86.4) |
| I have a chronic illness | 11.6(11.6) |
| I’m dealing with a psychiatric illness | 2.0(2) |
| Contact with COVID-19 | |
| Agree | 74(50.3) |
| Disagree | 14(9.5) |
| Not sure | 59 (40.1) |
| Feelings of exhaustion compared to pre-COVID-19 era | |
| Agree/totally agree | 54(36.7) |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 63(42.9) |
| Disagree/totally disagree | 30(20.4) |
| Worries about getting infected | |
| Agree/totally agree | 81(55.1) |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 43(29.3) |
| Disagree/totally disagree | 23(15.6) |
| Worries that the family will be infected | |
| Agree/totally agree | 104(70.7) |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 20(13.6) |
| Disagree/totally disagree | 22(15) |
| Worries that the whole situation will last for a long time | |
| Agree/totally agree | 94(63.9) |
| Neither agree nor disagree | 35(23.8) |
| Disagree/totally disagree | 18(12.2) |
| Considerations of resigning due to COVID-19 | |
| Agree | 3(2) |
| Disagree | 135(91.8) |
| Not sure | 9(6.1) |
| Satisfaction with the protection provided | |
| Agree | 54(36.7) |
| Disagree | 33(22.4) |
| Not sure | 60(40.8) |
| SAS | |
| Absence | 104 (70.7) |
| Mild | 35 (23.8) |
| Moderate | 7 (4.8) |
| Severe | 1 (0.7) |
| SDS | |
| Absence | 79 (53.7) |
| Mild | 51 (34.7) |
| Moderate | 15 (10.2) |
| Severe | 2 (1.4) |
Correlation between SAS and SDS with demographics and other factors & anxiety, depression, physical component summary compared to working hours, weekly for the last two months (average)
| Mean | SD | p-value | Statistical method used Effect size Statistical power | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Anxiety | Men | 38.02 | 10.26 | 0.001* | T-Test |
| Effect size | ||||||
| Women | 46.73 | 8.52 | d= 0.85a | |||
| Power(1-β err prob)= 0.99 | ||||||
| Depression | Men | 41.17 | 10.83 | 0.001* | T-Test | |
| Effect size | ||||||
| Women | 50.32 | 9.56 | d= 0.84a | |||
| Power(1-β err prob)= 0.99 | ||||||
| Specialty | Anxiety | Doctor | 45.79** | 0.001* | Kruskal-Wallis Test | |
| Nurse | 80.44** | Due to Test of Homogeneity of Variances=,029 | ||||
| Other | 84.56** | Effect size η2=0.095c | ||||
| Power(1-β err prob)= 0.95 | ||||||
| Depression | Doctor | 42.86 | 10.74 | 0.001* | ANOVA | |
| Effect size η2=0.095b | ||||||
| Nurse | 48.16 | 11.27 | Power(1-β err prob)= 0.95 | |||
| Other | 49.52 | 8.60 | ||||
| I feel more exhausted | Anxiety | Agree/ strongly agree | 88.06** | 0.001* | Kruskal-Wallis Test Due to Test of Homogeneity of Vari | |
| now compared | neither agree nor disagree | 74.01** | ances=0.002 Effect size | |||
| to before Covid-19 | Disagree/strong- ly disagree | 48.67** | η2=0.1a Power(1-β err prob)= 0.96 | |||
| Depression | Agree/ strongly agree | 52.03 | 9.75 | 0.001* | ANOVA Effect size | |
| neither agree nor disagree | 45.75 | 10.53 | η2=0.13a Power(1-β err prob)= 0.99 | |||
| Disagree/strongly disagree | 42.17 | 10.36 | ||||
| Anxiety | Working hours, weekly for the | <40 | 45,26 | 8,82 | 0,028* | T-Test Effect size |
| last two months (average) | >40 | 41,53 | 11,39 | d= 0.33d Power(1-β err prob)= 0.48 | ||
| Depression | Working hours, weekly for the | <40 | 47,96 | 9,23 | 0,404 | ANOVA Effect size |
| last two months (average) | >40 | 46,25 | 13,20 | d= 0.13(small) Power(1-β err prob)= 0.12 | ||
| Physical Component Summary | Working hours, weekly for the last two months | <40 | 67,43 | 12,44 | 0,008* | ANOVA Effect size d= 0.44c |
| (average) | >40 | 73,97 | 15,01 | Power(1-β err prob)= 0.73 | ||
Association of summary scales of Physical Component Summary with gender, specialty and burnout at present, compared to before COVID-19 era
| Mean | SD | p-value | Statistical methods Effect size Statistical power | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gender | Male | 80.53 | 11.45 | 0.001* | T-Test |
| Female | 64.64 | 11.66 | d= 1.36a | ||
| Power(1-β err prob)= 0.99 | |||||
| Specialty | Doctor | 82.92 | 9.75 | 0.001* | ANOVA |
| Nurse | 65.09 | 12.74 | Effect size | ||
| Else | 69.74 | 11.46 | d= 0.26a | ||
| Power(1-β err prob)= 0.99 | |||||
| I feel more burnout now compared to before Covid-19 season | I agree / strongly agree I neither agree nor disagree | 67.96 67.74 | 13.49 12.70 | 0.002* | ANOVA |
| Effect size | |||||
| d= 0.082c | |||||
| Power(1-β err prob)= 0.90 | |||||
| I disagree/totally disagree | 77.58 | 14.08 | |||