Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Comparison of vital signs and physical status in the survivor group and the non-survivor group
| Total (n=196) | Survivor group (n=152) | Non-survivor group (n=44) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Body temperature (°C), [Median, IQR] | 37.2(36.5-37.5) | 36.8(36.5-37.4) | 37.0(36.7-37.7) | 0.95 |
| Pulse rate (/min), [Median, IQR] | 100(80-120) | 92(80-120) | 110(80-121) | 0.15 |
| Respiratory rate (/min), [Median, IQR] | 27(20-30) | 24(20-30) | 27(20-31) | 0.10 |
| SpO2 (%), [Median, IQR] | 95(88-98) | 94(90-98) | 90(85-95) | 0.02 |
| Systolic arterial pressure (mmHg), [Median, IQR] | 109(74-130) | 100(74-130) | 101(73-133) | 0.88 |
| Mean arterial pressure (mmHg), [Median, IQR] | 76(52-89) | 71(51-89) | 72(39-90) | 0.98 |
| Glasgow Coma Scale≤8, n. (%) | 35 (18) | 21(13) | 14(31) | 0.01 |
| Oxygenation, n. (%) | 88 (44) | 64(42) | 24(54) | 0.60 |
| Altered mental status, n. (%) | 58(29) | 44(28) | 14(31) | 0.86 |
| AVPU score, n. (%) | ||||
| Alert | 100(51) | 88(58) | 12(27) | <0.01 |
| Verbal | 41(21) | 29(19) | 12(27) | 0.29 |
| Pain | 32(16) | 22(14) | 10(23) | 0.06 |
| Unresponsive | 23(12) | 13(9) | 10(23) | 0.02 |
Comparison of the predictive power and clinical utility of the APACHE II score, NEWS, and REMS in 28-day mortality
| Discrimination AUC (95% CI) | APACHE II vs p-value EWS | Clinical utility | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Optimal cut-off | Sensitivity | Specificity | PPV | NPV | PLR | NLR | |||
| APACHE II | 0.76 (0.67 | -0.83) | 18 | 0.89 | 0.50 | 0.34 | 0.94 | 2.52 | 0.45 |
| NEWS | 0.67 (0.59-0.75) | 0.10 | 7 | 0.70 | 0.62 | 0.35 | 0.88 | 1.84 | 0.76 |
| REMS | 0.70 (0.61-0.78) | 0.26 | 11 | 0.47 | 0.81 | 0.42 | 0.84 | 0.95 | 0.65 |
Median and IQR of the probability of death using the APACHE II score, NEWS, and REMS
| Total (n=196) | Survivor group (n=152) | Non-survivor group (n=44) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| APACHE II Median, IQR] | 21(15-26) | 19(14-24) | 25(21-31) | <0.01 |
| NEWS [Median, IQR] | 7(6-9) | 7(5-9) | 9(7-10) | <0.01 |
| REMS [Median, IQR] | 9(6-12) | 9(6-11) | 11(8-13) | <0.01 |
Patient characteristics
| Total (n=196) | Survivors (n=152) | Non-survivors (n=44) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), [Median, IQR] | 68(57-76) | 67.5(56-76) | 67.7(63-77) | 0.18 |
| Male, n. (%) | 152(77.5) | 121(79.6) | 31(70.4) | 0.21 |
| Transferred to ICU post-MET, n (%) | 134(68.4) | 96(49.0) | 38(86.4) | <0.01 |
| CCI, [Mean (SD)] | 1.05(1.44) | 1.06 (1.48) | 0.97(1.29) | 0.94 |
| SOFA, [Median, IQR] | 6(4-8) | 5(4-7) | 9(7-12) | <0.01 |
| Illness category, surgical, n (%) | 122(62.2) | 98(64.5) | 24(54.5) | 0.29 |
| Reason of MET triggers, n (%) | ||||
| Respiratory | 85(43) | 62(41) | 23(52) | 0.22 |
| Cardiovascular | 45(23) | 37(24) | 8(18) | 0.39 |
| Neurology | 18(9) | 15(10) | 3(7) | 0.38 |
| Haemorrhage | 15(8) | 12(8) | 3(7) | 0.06 |
| Others | 33(17) | 26(17) | 7(16) | 0.85 |