Fig.1
Fig. 2
Distribution of Acute Kidney Injury Risk Factors
| Factor | VA ECMO | VV ECMO | Odds Ratio of AKI (95% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| IV contrast scan (%) | 37 (64%) | 33 (65%) | 0.96 (0.44, 2.11) | 0.92 |
| Cardiopulmonary Bypass (%) | 14 (24%) | 1 (2%) | 15.9 (2.0, 125.9) | 0.0088 |
| NSAID (%) | 9 (16%) | 15 (29%) | 0.44 (0.17, 1.12) | 0.085 |
| Antibiotics (%) | 32 (55%) | 29 (57%) | 0.93 (0.44, 1.99) | 0.86 |
| Sepsis (%) | 5 (9%) | 12 (24%) | 0.31 (0.10, 0.94) | 0.039 |
| Hypotension (%) | 49 (84%) | 35 (69%) | 2.49 (0.99, 6.28) | 0.053 |
| Vasopressor dependent Hypotension (%) | 38 (66%) | 31 (61%) | 1.23 (0.56, 2.68) | 0.61 |
| CHF (%) | 14 (24%) | 10 (20%) | 1.31 (0.52, 3.26) | 0.57 |
Renal Outcomes by Type of ECMO Support
| VA ECMO | VV ECMO | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Complete Renal Recovery | 15 (26%) | 22 (43%) | 0.07 |
| Partial Renal Recovery | 5 (9%) | 3 (6%) | 0.72 |
| Dialysis Dependent | 1 (2%) | 1 (2%) | >0.99 |
| Death | 37 (64%) | 25 (49%) | 0.13 |
Primary Diagnosis of VA and VV ECMO groups
| Primary Diagnosis | VA ECMO | VV ECMO |
|---|---|---|
| Acute Coronary Syndrome | 27 | 0 |
| Congestive heart failure | 9 | 0 |
| Sepsis | 5 | 12 |
| Cardiac arrest | 5 | 0 |
| Valvular heart disease | 4 | 0 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 3 | 0 |
| Cardiac arrhythmias | 3 | 0 |
| Others | 8 | 15 |
| Pneumonia | 0 | 10 |
| Trauma | 0 | 10 |
| Viral Pneumonia | 0 | 5 |
| Drug Overdose | 0 | 3 |
| Acute Pancreatitis | 0 | 2 |
| Asthma | 0 | 1 |
Baseline Patient Characteristics by Type of ECMO Support
| VA ECMO | VV ECMO | p-Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total Number | 64 | 58 | |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 55.4 (15.8) | 42.9 (16.2) | <0.0001 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 50 (78%) | 40 (70%) | 0.21 |
| White race, n (%) | 46 (79%) | 36 (71%) | 0.37 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 32.9 (9.0) | 30.4 (8.1) | 0.30 |
| Smoking – No | 59 (92%) | 49 (84%) | 0.26 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 4 (6%) | 6 (10%) | 0.52 |
| CAD, n (%) | 14 (22%) | 4 (7%) | 0.023 |
| HTN, n (%) | 16 (25%) | 15 (26%) | >0.99 |
| CKD, n (%) | 10 (16%) | 3 (5%) | 0.080 |
| Hyperlipidaemia, n (%) | 14 (22%) | 5 (9%) | 0.049 |
| COPD, n (%) | 7 (11%) | 6 (10%) | >0.99 |
| APACHE II, mean (SD) | 24.8 (7.9) | 28.0 (6.2) | 0.014 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Index, mean (SD) | 2.4 (2.7) | 1.8 (3.0) | 0.27 |
| Lactic acid, mean (SD), mmol/L | 7.4 (4.4) | 4.4 (3.2) | 0.0002 |
| ICU length of stay, mean (SD), days | 11.6 (10.8) | 24.5 (15.4) | <0.0001 |
| AKI, all stage, n (%) | 58 (91%) | 51 (88%) | 0.77 |