Fig. 1
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Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Characteristics of the study cohort
| All patients | Survivors | Non-survivors | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 94) | (n= 64) | (n= 30) | ||
| Age; years (SD) I | 57.36 (17.20) | 57.83(17.92) | 56.37 (15.78) | 0.70 |
| Female gender (%) | 48 (51.06) | 32 (50) | 16 (53.3) | 0.83 |
| SAPS3; points (SD) | 69.03 (18.46) | 67.78 (16.17) | 71.67 (22.60) | 0.34 |
| BMI; kg/m2 (SD) | 27.81 (7.25) | 28.54 (7.49) | 26.26 (6.54) | 0.16 |
| Origin (%) | ||||
| Emergency room | 47 (50) | 34 (53.12) | 13 (43.33) | 0.35 |
| Hospital ward | 34 (36.17) | 20 (31.25) | 14 (46.67) | |
| Other hospital | 13 (13.83) | 10 (15.62) | 3 (10) | |
| Energy delivered on 3rd day of ICU stay; kcal/day (SD) | 21.05 (6.47) | 22.12 (6.42) | 18.50 (5.98) | 0.014 |
| Protein delivered on 3rd day of ICU stay; g/kg (SD) | 1.42 (0.52) | 1.49 (0.44) | 1.25 (0.65) | 0.045 |
| Comorbidities (%) | ||||
| COPD | 13 (13.83) | 9 (14.06) | 4 (13.33) | 1.0 |
| EF < 35% | 11 (11.70) | 8 (12.50) | 3 (10) | 1.0 |
| Cirrhosis | 9 (9.57) | 6 (9.38) | 3 (10) | 1.0 |
| Cancer | 23 (24.47) | 16 (25) | 7 (23.33) | 1.0 |
| End-stage renal disease | 7 (7.45) | 4 (6.25) | 3 (10) | 0.68 |
| Immunosuppression | 15 (15.96) | 8 (12.50) | 7 (23.33) | 0.23 |
| Reason for ICU admission (%) | ||||
| Respiratory sepsis | 29 (30.85) | 18 (28.12) | 11 (36.67) | |
| Non respiratory sepsis | 7 (7.45) | 3 (4.69) | 4 (13.33) | |
| Cardiovascular disease | 5 (5.32) | 5 (7.81) | 0 (0) | |
| Coma | 18 (19.15) | 11 (17.19) | 7 (23.33) | 0.13 |
| Postoperative ARF | 7 (7.45) | 4 (6.25) | 3 (10) | |
| COPD/Asthma | 3 (3.19) | 2 (3.12) | 1 (3.33) | |
| Pulmonary Embolism | 2 (2.13) | 1 (1.56) | 1 (3.33) | |
| ARDS | 23 (24.47) | 20 (31.25) | 3 (10) | |
| Organ dysfunction at ICU admission* | ||||
| Hemodynamic | 74 (78.72) | 50 (78.12) | 24 (80) | 1.0 |
| Lung | 86 (91.49) | 59 (92.19) | 27 (90) | 0.71 |
| Renal | 35 (37.23) | 24 (37.5) | 11 (36.67) | 1.00 |
| Hematologic | 25 (26.60) | 13 (20.31) | 12 (40) | 0.078 |
| Liver | 8 (8.33) | 3 (4.55) | 5 (16.67) | 0.10 |
| Neurological | 39 (41.49) | 23 (35.94) | 16 (53.33) | 0.12 |
| Diuretic provision during ICU stay (%)** | 30 (31.91) | 20 (31.25) | 10 (33.33) | 1.0 |
| Need of RRT during ICU stay (%)** | 32 (34.04) | 16 (25) | 16 (53.33) | 0.010 |
| ICU-acquired infection (%)** | 25 (26.60) | 12 (18.75) | 13 (43.33) | 0.023 |
| MV duration (days)** | 7 (3 – 10) | 6 (2 – 9) | 8 (6 – 13) | 0.012 |
| Length of ICU stay (days)** | 9 (6 – 15) | 9.5 (6 – 15.5) | 8 (6 – 14) | 0.87 |
| Length of hospital stay (days)** | 16 (9 – 27) | 16 (9.5 – 28) | 15.5 (8 – 27) | 0.95 |
| Time between hospitalization and ICU admission (days) | 3 (1 – 10) | 3 (1 – 9) | 3 (1 – 10) | 0.98 |
Comparison of fluid balance and weight change of survivors and non-survivors of ICU hospitalization
| All patients* (n = 94) | Survivors (n= 64) | Non-survivors (n= 30) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First 24h-fluid balance (L) | +0.95 ([+0.09] – [+1.78]) | +0.84 ([+0.08] – [+1.6]) | +1.26 ([+0.41] – [+0.27]) | 0.10 |
| First 24h-fluid balance + | +0.05 ([-0.79] – [+0.80]) | -0.004 ([-0.88] – [+0.74]) | +0.64 ([-0.48] – [+1.77]) | 0.075 |
| indiscernible water loss (L) | ||||
| First 24h-weight change (kg) | 0.0 ([-0.9] – [+1.1]) | +0.25 ([-1.45] – [+0.6]) | +0.9 ([-0.1] – [+2.2]) | <0.001 |
| Cumulative fluid balance (L) | +3.61 ([-0.11] – [+7.43]) | +2.53 ([-0.4] – [+6.0]) | +5.6 ([+1.85] – [+9.21]) | 0.012 |
| Cumulative fluid balance + | -3.89 ([-7.27] – [-0.1]) | -3.91 ([-7.78] – [-1.1]) | -3.33 ([-6.87] – [+0.97]) | 0.37 |
| indiscernible water loss (L) | ||||
| Total weight change (kg) | -2.55 ([-4.8] – [+0.1]) | -3.05 ([-6.5] – [-0.7]) | -1.1 ([-3.1] – [+0.9]) | 0.008 |