The Use of Pistacia Lentiscus Chia Resin versus Omeprazole in Protecting Male Rats Peptic Mucosa against Cold Restraint Stress

Kakagia, Despoina; Papalois, Apostolos; Lambropoulou, Maria; Papachristou, Fotini; Trypsiannis, Gregory; Anagnostopoulos, Constantinos; Pitiakoudis, Mike; Tsaroucha, Alexandra

doi:10.2478/jccm-2020-0018

Figures & Tables

Gastric mucosa sections. HE x 200. Mucosal changes in: a. Chios mastic group: minimal hyperaemia and oedema, rare inflammatory cells, b. omeprazole group: mild hyperemia and oedema, minor deposits of inflammatory cells c. control: more extensive hyperemia and oedema and deposits of inflammatory cells, moderate hemorrhagic infiltration and pronounced loss of epithelial cells.

Graphic for statistic comparison of gastric mucosal lesions between the three groups.

Mucin containing mucosal Goblet Cells in histologic sections of the ascending colon, presenting as pink flower petals. Periodic acid–Schiff (PAS) X 200. a. after pre-treatment with CMG, b. after pre-treatment with Omeprazole and c. in the control group.

Graphic of statistic comparison of colonic mucosal lesions in the three groups

Graphics of statistic comparison of antioxidant and anti- inflammatory markers between the three groups

Mucosal lesions observed in the ascending colon in the three groups

		Groups			Multiple comparisons
	C	O	M	p value	C vs O	C vs M	O vs M
Hyperemia				0.001^a
Negative	0 (0.0)	3 (42.9)	0 (0.0)
Low	1 (14.3)	4 (57.1)	7 (100.0)
Moderate	3 (42.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
High	3 (42.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Mean value (SD)	2.29 (0.76)	0.57 (0.54)	1.00 (0.0)	<0.001^b	<0.001^c	<0.001^c	0.151^c
Median value (min-max)	2 (1 – 3)	1 (0 – 1)	1	0.001^d	0.003^e	0.003^e	0.060^e

Hemorrhagic infiltration				0.002
Negative	0 (0.0)	7 (100.0)	5 (71.4)
Low	3 (42.9)	0 (0.0)	2 (28.6)
Moderate	4 (57.1)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
High	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Mean value (SD)	1.57 (0.54)	0.0 (0.0)	0.29 (0.49)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.217
Median value (min-max)	2 (1 – 2)	0	0 (0 – 1)	<0.001	0.001	0.004	0.141
Average Histological Score,mean (SD)	3.86 (1.22)	0.57 (0.54)	1.29 (0.49)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.119
Number of Goblet cells	50.54 (3.56)	52.71 (2.84)	52.51 (2.83)	0.370	0.206	0.249	0.905

Gastric mucosal lesions in the three groups

		Groups			Multiple comparisons
	C	O	M	p value	C vs O	C vs M	O vs M
Hyperemia				0.001^a
Negative	0 (0.0)	2 (28.6)	1 (14.3)
Low	0 (0.0)	5 (71.4)	6 (85.7)
Moderate	6 (85.7)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
High	1 (14.3)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Mean value (SD)	2.14 (0.38)	0.71 (0.49)	0.86 (0.38)	<0.001^b	<0.001^c	<0.001^c	0.530^c
Median value (min-max)	2 (2 – 3)	1 (0 – 1)	1 (0 – 1)	<0.001^d	0.001^e	0.001^e	0.530^e

Hemorrhagic infiltration				0.001
Negative	0 (0.0)	7 (100.0)	6 (85.7)
Low	4 (57.1)	0 (0.0)	1 (14.3)
Moderate	3 (42.9)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
High	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Mean value (SD)	1.43 (0.54)	0.0 (0.0)	0.14 (0.38)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.489
Median value (min-max)	1 (1 – 2)	0	0 (0 – 1)	<0.001	0.001	0.002	0.317

Loss EC				0.084
Negative	0 (0.0)	4 (57.1)	3 (42.9)
Low	5 (71.4)	3 (42.9)	4 (57.1)
Moderate	2 (28.6)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
High	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Mean value (SD)	1.29 (0.49)	0.43 (0.54)	0.57 (0.54)	0.014	0.006	0.019	0.613
edian value (min-max)	1 (1 – 2)	0 (0 – 1)	1 (0 – 1)	0.026	0.015	0.030	0.606

Oedema				0.017 ^a
Negative	0 (0.0)	5 (71.4)	4 (57.1)
Low	7 (100.0)	2 (28.6)	3 (42.9)
Moderate	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
High	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Mean value (SD)	1.00 (0.0)	0.29 (0.49)	0.43 (0.54)	0.012^b	0.005^c	0.020^c	0.530^c
Median value (min-max)	1	0 (0 – 1)	0 (0 – 1)	0.020^d	0.007^e	0.023^e	0.591^e

Infiltration IC				0.466
Negative	3 (42.9)	5 (71.4)	3 (42.9)
Low	4 (57.1)	2 (28.6)	4 (57.1)
Moderate	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
High	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Mean value (SD)	0.57 (0.54)	0.29 (0.49)	0.57 (0.54)	0.507	0.317	1.000	0.317
Median value (min-max)	1 (0 – 1)	0 (0 – 1)	1 (0 – 1)	0.483	0.298	1.000	0.298
Average histological score, mean (SD)	6.43 (1.13)	1.71 (0.95)	2.57 (1.62)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.221

Serum antioxidant and anti-inflammatory markers in the three groups

		Groups			Multiple comparisons^b
	C	O	M	p value ^a	C vs O	C vs M	O vs M
μΜ Peroxidase/mg of protein	0.151 (0.039)	0.144 (0.027)	0.110 (0.016)	0.039	0.666	0.018	0.043
mM TEAC/mg protein	0.024 (0.006)	0.028 (0.004)	0.031 (0.009)	0.277	0.386	0.114	0.450
SOD U/mg protein	0.156 (0.012)	0.104 (0.016)	0.087 (0.016)	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.047
pg TNFa/mg protein	0.999 (0.437)	1.202 (0.396)	0.653 (0.264)	0.040	0.322	0.100	0.013
pg IL1β/mg of protein	4.399 (1.450)	2.426 (0.762)	1.587 (0.291)	<0.001	0.001	<0.001	0.120

The Use of Pistacia Lentiscus Chia Resin versus Omeprazole in Protecting Male Rats Peptic Mucosa against Cold Restraint Stress

Figures & Tables

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Fig. 5

Mucosal lesions observed in the ascending colon in the three groups

Gastric mucosal lesions in the three groups

Serum antioxidant and anti-inflammatory markers in the three groups

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