Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Analgesic and sedative agents administered
| Drug | Route | Dose | Frequency | Hospital days | Manufacturer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fentanyl citrate | Intravenous infusion | 100-300 milligrams/ hour | Continuous infu- sion | 1-10 | Akorn, Inc., Lake Forest, Illinois, USA |
| propofol | Intravenous infusion | 10 to 60 micrograms/ milligram/minute | Continuous infu- sion | 1-7, 10-15 | Pfizer, New York, New York, USA |
| lorazepam | Intravenous injection | 1-6 milligrams | Every 4 hours as needed | 5-9 | Pfizer, New York, New York, USA |
| hydromorphone | Intravenous infusion | 4-15 milligrams/hour | Continuous sion infu- | 8, 11-19 | Pfizer, New York, USA New York, |
| Hydromorphone | Intravenous injection | 1-5 milligrams | Every 1 hour as needed | 7-19 | Pfizer, New York, New York, USA |
| Haloperidol dec- anoate | Intravenous injection | 10 milligrams | Every 4 hours around the clock and as needed | 10-19 | Fresenius Kabi, Lake Zurich, Illinois, USA |
| Dexmedetomidine hydrochloride | Intravenous infusion | 0.4-1.5 micrograms per kilogram per hour (total 39 mcg) | Continuous infu- sion | 9, 10 | Fresenius Kabi, Lake Zurich, Illinois, USA |
| Ketamine hydro- chloride | Intravenous infusion | 2 milligrams/kilogram/ hour | Continuous infu- sion | 14-19 | Pfizer, New York, New York, USA |
Endoscopic grading of caustic injuries (Zargar classification) [2,4,6]
| Grade | Characteristics |
|---|---|
| 0 | Normal mucosa |
| 1 | Superficial oedema and erythema |
| 2a | Friability, haemorrhages, superficial ulcerations, exudates |
| 3a | Grade 2a plus deep and circumferential ulcerations |
| 3b | Extensive necrosis |