References
- Adl, S.M., Simpson, A.G., Farmer, M.A., Andersen, R.A., Anderson, O.R., Barta, J.R., … Taylor, M.F. (2005). The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 52(5), 399–451. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053
- Antúnez, K., Martín-Hernández, R., Prieto, L., Meana, A., Zunino, P., Higes, M. (2009). Immune suppression in the honey bee (Apis mellifera) following infection by Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia). Environmental Microbiology, 11(9), 2284–2290. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2009.01953.x
- Arismendi, N., Bruna, A., Zapata N., & Vargas, M. (2016). PCR-specific detection of recently described Lotmaria passim (Trypanosomatidae) in Chilean apiaries. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 134, 1–5. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2015.12.008
- Banaszak, J. (2009). Pollinating insects (Hymenoptera: Apoidea, Apiformes) as an example of changes in fauna. Fragmenta Faunistica, 52(2), 105–123.
- Barrett, J., Vardulaki, K.A., Conlon, C., Cooke, J., Daza-Ramirez, P., Evans, E.G.V., … Viscoli, C. (2003). A Systematic Review of the Antifungal Effectiveness and Tolerability of Amphotericin B Formulations. Clinical Therapeutic, 25, 1295–1320.
- Borsuk, G., Czerska, K., Olszewski, K., Strachecka, A., Paleolog, J., Chobotow, J. (2012). Aktualny stan wiedzy o Varroa destructor. Medycycna Weterynaryjna, 68(10), 579–584.
- Borsuk, G., Ptaszyńska, A., Olszewski, K., & Paleolog, J. (2013) Impact of nosemosis on the intestinal yeast flora of honey bees. Medycyna Weterynaryjna, 69(12), 726–729.
- Chen, Y., Evans, J.D., Smith, I.B., & Pettis, J.S. (2008). Nosema ceranae is a long-present and wide-spread microsporidian infection of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) in the United States. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 97(2), 186–188. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2007.07.010
- Cornman, R.S., Tarpy, D.R., Chen, Y., Jeffreys, L., Lopez, D., van Pettis, J.S., Engelsdorp, D., Evans J.D. (2012). Pathogen webs in collapsing honey bee colonies PLoS ONE, 7, e43562. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0043562
- Crane, E. (1999). The World History of Beekeeping and Honey Hunting. Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd, London.
- De la Rúa, P., Jaffé, R., Dall’Olio, R., Muñoz, I., Serrano, J. (2009). Biodiversity, conservation and current threats to European honey bees. Apidologie, 40(3), 263–284. http://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2009027
- Engelsdorp, D., Evans, J. D., Saegerman, C., Mullin, C., Haubruge, E., Nguyen, B. K., … Pettis, J. S. (2009). Colony collapse disorder: a descriptive study. PLoS ONE, 4(8), e6481. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006481
- Evans, J.D., Schwarz, S., Chen, Y., Budge, G., Cornman, R., De la Rua, P., … Pint, M.A. (2013). Standard methods for molecular research in Apis mellifera. Journal of Apicultural Research, 52(4), 1–53. https://doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.52.4.1
- Gegear, J.R. (2005). Multicomponent floral signals elicit selective foraging in bumblebees. Naturwissenhaften, 92(6), 269–271. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-005-0621-5
- Goulson, D., Nicholls, E., Botías, C., & Rotheray, E.L. (2015). Bee declines driven by combined stress from parasites, pesticides, and lack of flowers. Science, 347, 1255957 http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1255957
- Higes, M., Meana, A., Bartolomé, C., Botías, C., Martín-Hernández, R. (2013). Nosema ceranae (Microsporidia), a controversial 21st century honey bee pathogen. Environmental Microbiology Reports, 5(1), 17–29. http://doi.org/10.1111/1758-2229.12024
- Hubert, J., Bicianova, M., Ledvinka, O., Kamler, M., Lester, P.J., Nesvorna, M., Kopecky, J., Erban, T. (2017). Changes in the bacteriome of honey bees associated with the parasite Varroa destructor, and pathogens Nosema and Lotmaria passim. Microbial Ecology, 73, 685–698.
- Ilyasov, R.A., Kosarev, M.N., Neal, A., & Yumaguzhin, F.G. (2015). Burzyan Wild-Hive Honeybee A. m. mellifera in South Ural. Bee World, 92, 7–11. http://doi.org/10.1080/0005772x.2015.1047634
- Langridge, D.F., & McGhee, R.B. (1967). Crithidia mellificae n. sp. an acidophilic trypanosomatid of the honey bee Apis mellifera. Journal of Protozoology, 14(3), 485–487. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1967.tb02033
- Łopieńska-Biernat E., Sokół R., Michalczyk M., Żółtowska K., Stryiński R. (2017). Biochemical status of feral honey bees (Apis mellifera) infested with various pathogens. Journal of Apicultural Research, 56(5), 606–615. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2017.1343020
- Martin, S.J., Highfield, A.C., Brettell, L., Villalobos, E.M., Budge, G.E., Powell, M., Nikaido, S., Schroeder, D.C. (2012). Global honey bee viral landscape altered by a parasitic mite. Science, 336, 1304–1306. http://doi.org/10.1126/science.1220941.
- Maslov, D.A.,Votypka, J., Yurchenko, V., & Lukes, J. (2013). Diversity and phylogeny of insect trypanosomatids: all that is hidden shall be revealed. Trends Parasitology, 29(1), 43–52. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2012.11.001
- Michalczyk, M., Sokół, R., & Koziatek, S. (2015). Evaluation of the effectiveness of selected treatments of Nosema spp. infection by the hemocytometric method and multiplex PCR. Acta Veterinaria Beograd, 66(1), 115–124. https://doi.org/10.1515/acve-2016-0009
- Michalczyk, M., & Sokół, R. (2018). Estimation of the influence of selected products on co-infection with N. apis/N. ceranae in Apis mellifera using real-time PCR. Invertebrate Reproduction and Development. http://doi.org/10.1080/07924259.2018.1433726
- Moritz, R.F.A., de Miranda, J., Fries, I., Le Conte, Y., Neumann, P., Paxton, R. (2010). Research strategies to improve honeybee health in Europe. Apidologie, 41, 227–242. http://doi.org/10.1051/apido/2010010
- Nazzi, F., & Le Conte, Y. (2016). Ecology of Varroa destructor, the Major Ectoparasite of the Western Honey Bee, Apis mellifera. Annual Review of Entomology, 61, 417–32. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurevento-010715-023731
- Neumann, P., & Carreck, N. (2010). Honey bee colony losses. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.49.1.01
- Oleksa, A., Gawroński, R., & Tofilski, A. (2013). Rural avenues as a refuge for feral honey bee population. Journal of Insect Conservation, 17, 465–472. DOI: 10.1007/s10841-012-9528-6
- Potts, S.G., Biesmeijer J.C., Kremen, C., Neumann, P., Schweiger, O., Kunin, W.E. (2010). Global pollinator declines: drivers and impacts. Trends Ecology. Evolution, 25(6), 345–353. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2010.01.007
- Ptaszyńska, A., Paleolog, J., & Borsuk, G. (2016). Nosema ceranae infection promotes proliferation of yeasts in honey bee intestines. PloS ONE, 11(10), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164477
- Ptaszyńska, A., Borsuk, G., Mułenko, W., & Demetraki-Paleolog, J. (2017). Differentiation of Nosema apis and Nosema ceranae spores under Scanning Electron Microscopy. Journal of Apicultural Research, 53, 537–544. https://doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.53.5.02
- Ptaszyńska, A., Gancarz, M., Hurd, P.J., Borsuk, G., Wiącek, D., Nawrocka, A., … Paleolog, J. (2018). Changes in the bioelement content of summer and winter western honeybees (Apis mellifera) induced by Nosema ceranae infection. Plos ONE, 13(5), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.53.5.02
- Ravoet, J., Maharramov, J., Meeus, I., de Smet, L., Wenseleers, T., Smagghe, G., de Graaf, D.C. (2013). Comprehensive bee pathogen screening in Belgium reveals Crithidia mellificae as a new contributory factor to winter mortality PLoS ONE, 8, e72443 http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072443
- Retschnig, G., Williams, G.R., Schneeberger, A., & Neumann, P. (2017). Cold Ambient Temperature Promotes Nosema spp. intensity in honey bees (Apis mellifera). Insects, 8(1), 1–20. http://doi.org/10.3390/insects8010020
- Rodríguez, M., Vargas, M., Gerding, M., Navarro, H., Antúnez, K. (2012). Viral infection and Nosema ceranae in honey bees (Apis mellifera) in Chile. Journal of Apicultural Research, 51(3), 285–287. https://doi.org/10.3896/IBRA.1.51.3.12
- Rodríguez, M., Vargas, M., Antúnez, K., Gerding, M., Castro, F.O., Zapata, N., Chilean, J. (2014). Prevalence and phylogenetic analysis of honey bee viruses in the Biobío Region of Chile and their association with other honey bee pathogens. Agricultural Research, 74(2), 170–177. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/S0718-58392014000200007
- Rosenkranz, P., Aumeier, P., & Ziegelmann, B. (2010). Biology and control of Varroa destructor. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 103(1), 96–119. DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2009.07.016.
- Runcke, I C., Flenniken, M.L., Engel, J.C., Ruby, J.G., Ganem, D., Andino, R., DeRisi, J.L. (2011). Temporal analysis of the honey bee microbiome reveals four novel viruses and seasonal prevalence of known viruses, Nosema, and Crithidia. PLoS ONE, 6 p. e20656 http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020656
- Ruttner, F. (1988). Biogegraphy and Taxonomy of Honeybees. Springer-Verlag. ISBN 3-540-17781-7. https://doi.org/10.1002/mmnd.19890360109
- Sammataro, D., Gerson, U., & Needham, G. (2000). Parasitic mites of honey bees: life history, implications, and impact. Annual Review of Entomology, 45, 519–548. http://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ento.45.1.519
- Schwarz, R.S., Bauchan, G.R., Murphy, C., Ravoet, J., de Graaf, D.C., Evans, J.D. (2015). Characterization of two species of Trypanosomatidae from the honey bee Apis mellifera: Crithidia mellificae Langridge and McGhee, and Lotmaria passim. Journal of Eukaryotic Microbiology, 62, 567–583. http://doi.org/10.1111/jeu.12209
- Seeley, T.D. (1985). Honeybee Ecology: A Study of Adaptation in Social Life. Princeton: Princeton University Press
- Seeley, T.D. (2007). Honey bees of the Arnot Forest: a population of feral colonies persisting with Varroa destructor in the northeastern United States. Apidologie. 38, 19–29. http://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2006055
- Sokół, R., & Michalczyk, M. (2016). Detection of Nosema spp. in worker bees, pollen and bee bread during the honey flow season. Acta Veterinaria Brno, 85(3), 261–266. http://doi.org/10.2754/avb201685030261
- Stanimirovic, Z., Glavinic, U., Lakic, N., Radovic, D, Ristanic, M., Taric, E., Stevanovic, J. (2017). Efficacy of plant-derived formulation “Argus Ras” in Varroa destructor control. Acta Veterinaria Beograd, 67(1), 191–200.
- Stevanovic, R.S. Schwarz, B. Vejnovic, J.D. Evans, R.E. Irwin, U. Glavinic, Z. Stanimirovic. (2016). Species-specific diagnostics of Apis mellifera trypanosomatids: a nine-year survey (2007–2015) for trypanosomatids and microsporidians in Serbian honey bees. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 139, 6–11. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2016.07.001
- Sulborska, A., Horecka, B., Cebrat, M., Kowalczyk, M., Skrzypek, T.H., Kazimierczak, W., Trytek, M., Borsuk, G. (2019). Microsporidia Nosema spp. - obligate bee parasites are transmitted by air. Scientific Reports, 9, 14376. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50974-8
- Tritschler, M., Retschnig, G., Yañez, O., Williams, G.R., Neumann, P. (2017). Host sharing by the honey bee parasites Lotmaria passim and Nosema ceranae. Ecology Evolution, 7(6), 1850–1857. doi: 10.1002/ece3.2796
- Webster, T.C., Pompe,r K.W., Hunt, G., Thacker, E.M., Jones, S.C. (2004). Nosema apis infection in worker and queen Apis mellifera. Apidologie. 35, 49–54. http://doi.org/10.1051/apido:2003063
- van Dooremalen, C., Gerritsen, L., Cornelissen, B., van der Steen, J.J.M., van Langevelde, F., Blacquière, T. (2012). Winter survival of individual honey bees and honey bee colonies depends on level of Varroa destructor infestation. PLoS ONE. 7(4):e36285. http://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0036285
- Vejnovic, B., Stevanovic, J., Schwarz, R.S., Aleksic, N., Mirilovic, M., Jovanovic, N.M., Stanimirovic, Z. (2018). Quantitative PCR assessment of Lotmaria passim in Apis mellifera colonies co-infected naturally with Nosema ceranae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 151, 76–81. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.jip.2017.11.003