References
- Adger, W.N., Arnell, N.W., & Tompkins, E.L. (2005). Successful adaptation to climate change across scales. Global Environmental Change-Human and Policy Dimensions, 15, 77-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.12.00510.1016/j.gloenvcha.2004.12.005
- Adl, M.B.F., Gencer, H.V., Firatli, C., & Bahreini, R. (2007). Morphometric characterization of Iranian (Apis mellifera meda), Central Anatolian (Apis mellifera anatoliaca) and Caucasian (Apis mellifera caucasica) honey bee populations. Journal of Apicultural Research, 46, 225-231. https://doi.org/10.1080/00218839.2007.1110139910.1080/00218839.2007.11101399
- Alburaki, M., Moulin, S., Legout, H., Alburaki, A., Garnery, L. (2011). Mitochondrial structure of Eastern honeybee populations from Syria, Lebanon and Iraq. Apidologie, 42, 628-641. DOI: 10.1007/s13592-011-0062-410.1007/s13592-011-0062-4
- Amakpe, F. (2010). The biodiversity of the honey bees (Apis mellifera adansonii) in the District of Djidja, Republic of Benin. International Journal of Environmental, Cultural, Economic and Social Sustainability, 6, 90-104. DOI: 10.18848/1832-2077/CGP/v06i06/54851
- Amakpe, F., Zuber, S., & Jacobs, F.J. (2008). Role of beekeeping in the household food security and livelihoods: Implications for the sector policy development in Ethiopia. 2nd symposium University of Ghent, Gents Africa Platform.
- Arias, M.C., & Sheppard, W.S. (1996). Molecular phylogenetics of honey bee subspecies (Apis mellifera L) inferred from mitochondrial DNA sequence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 5, 557-566. https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1996.005010.1006/mpev.1996.0050
- Alattal, Y., Alsharhi, M., Alghamdi, A., Alfaify, S., Migdadi, H., Ansari, M. (2014). Characterization of the native honey bee subspecies in Saudi Arabia using the mtDNA COI-COII intergenic region and morphometric characteristics. Bulletin of Insectology, 67, 31-37.
- Becher, M.A., Hildenbrandt, H., Hemelrijk, C.K., & Moritz, R.F.A. (2010). Brood temperature, task division and colony survival in honeybees: A model. Ecological Modelling, 221, 769-776. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.11.01610.1016/j.ecolmodel.2009.11.016
- Bland, J.M., & Altman, D.G. (1986). Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet, 1, 307-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(86)90837-810.1016/S0140-6736(86)90837-8
- Bray, J.R., & Curtis, J.T. (1957). An ordination of the upland forest communities of Southern Wisconsin. Ecological Monographs, 27, 326-349. DOI: 10.2307/194226810.2307/1942268
- Chemurot, M., Brunain, M., Akol, A.M., Descamps, T., de Graaf, D.C. (2016). First detection of Paenibacillus larvae the causative agent of American Foulbrood in a Ugandan honeybee colony. Springerplus, 5, 1090 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2767-310.1186/s40064-016-2767-3
- Chouhan, U., & Pardasani, K. (2008). A maximum parsimony model to reconstruct phylogenetic network in honey bee evolution. International Journal of Biological and Medical Research, 3, 220-224.
- Clarke, K.E., Oldroyd, B.P., Javier, J., Quezada-Euan, G., Rinderer, T.E. (2001). Origin of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) from the Yucatan peninsula inferred from mitochondrial DNA analysis. Molecular Ecology, 10, 1347-1355. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294X.2001.01274.x
- Cornuet, J.M., & Garnery, L. (1991). Mitochondrial-DNA variability in honeybees and its phylogeographic implications. Apidologie, 22, 627-642. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:1991060610.1051/apido:19910606
- Danforth, B.N., Cardinal, S., Praz, C., Almeida, E.A., Michez, D. (2013). The impact of molecular data on our understanding of bee phylogeny and evolution. Annual Review of Entomology, 58, 57-78. DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-120811-15363310.1146/annurev-ento-120811-153633
- Fazier, M., Muli, E., Conklin, T., Schmehl, D., Torto, B., Frazier, J., … Raina, S. (2010). A scientific note on Varroa destructor found in East Africa; threat or opportunity? Apidologie, 41, 463-465. DOI: 10.1051/apido/200907310.1051/apido/2009073
- Felsenstein, J. (1985). Phylogenies and the comparative method. American Naturalist, 125, 1-15.
- Franck, P., Garnery, L., Celebrano, G., Solignac, M., Cornuet, J.M. (2000a). Hybrid origins of honeybees from Italy (Apis mellifera ligustica) and Sicily (A-m. sicula). Molecular Ecology, 9, 907-921. DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00945.x10.1046/j.1365-294x.2000.00945.x
- Franck, P., Garnery, L., Loiseau, A., Oldroyd, B.P., Hepburn, H.R., Solignac, M., Cornuet, J.M. (2001). Genetic diversity of the honeybee in Africa: microsatellite and mitochondrial data. Heredity, 86, 420-430. DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00842.x10.1046/j.1365-2540.2001.00842.x
- Franck, P., Garnery, L., Solignac, M., & Cornuet, J.M. (1998). The origin of west European subspecies of honeybees (Apis mellifera): New insights from microsatellite and mitochondrial data. Evolution, 52, 1119-1134. DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01839.x.10.1111/j.1558-5646.1998.tb01839.x
- Franck, P., Garnery, L., Solignac, M., & Cornuet, J.M. (2000b). Molecular confirmation of a fourth lineage in honeybees from the Near East. Apidologie, 31, 167-180. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:200011410.1051/apido:2000114
- Francoy, T.M., Wittmann, D., Drauschke, M., Muller, S., Steinhage, V., Bezerra-Laure, M.A.F., ... Goncalves, L.S. (2008). Identification of Africanized honey bees through wing morphometrics: two fast and efficient procedures. Apidologie, 39, 488-494. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:200802810.1051/apido:2008028
- Fresnaye, J. (1981). Biométrie de l’abeille. UK: OPIDA.
- Gallai, N., Salles, J.M., Settele, J., & Vaissiere, B.E. (2009). Economic valuation of the vulnerability of world agriculture confronted with pollinator decline. Ecological Economics, 68, 810-821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.06.01410.1016/j.ecolecon.2008.06.014
- Garnery, L., Cornuet, J.M., & Solignac, M. (1992). Evolutionary history of the honey bee Apis mellifera inferred from mitochondrial DNA analysis. Molecular Ecology, 1, 145-154. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1992.tb00170.x10.1111/j.1365-294X.1992.tb00170.x
- Garnery, L., Franck, P., Baudry, E., Vautrin, D., Cornuet, J.M., Solignac, M. (1998). Genetic diversity of the west European honey bee (Apis mellifera mellifera and A. m. iberica). I. Mitochondrial DNA. Genetics Selection Evolution, 30, S31-S47. https://doi.org/10.1186/1297-9686-30-S1-S3110.1186/1297-9686-30-S1-S31
- Garnery, L., Mosshine, E.H., Oldroyd, B.P., & Cornuet, J.M. (1995). Mitochondrial-DNA Variation in Moroccan and Spanish Honey-Bee Populations. Molecular Ecology, 4, 465-471. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00240.x10.1111/j.1365-294X.1995.tb00240.x
- Garnery, L., Solignac, M., Celebrano, G., & Cornuet, J.M. (1993). A simple test using restricted PCR-amplified mitochondrial-DNA to study the genetic-structure of Apis mellifera L. Experientia, 49, 1016-1021. DOI: 10.1007/BF0212565110.1007/BF02125651
- Garnery, L., Vautrin, D., Cornuet, J.M., & Solignac, M. (1991). Phylogenetic-relationships in the genus Apis inferred from mitochondrial-DNA sequence data. Apidologie, 22, 87-92. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:1991011110.1051/apido:19910111
- Henle, K., Davies, K.F., Kleyer, M., Margules, C., Settele, J. (2004). Predictors of species sensitivity to fragmentation. Biodiversity and Conservation, 13, 207-251. DOI: 10.1023/B:BIOC.0000004319.91643.9e10.1023/B:BIOC.0000004319.91643.9e
- Hounpke, N.U.H., Mensah, G.A., Koutinhouin, B., Pomalegni, S.C.B., Goergen, G. (2007). Characterization of honeybees in Nothern Benin. Bulletin de la Recherch Agronomique du Bénin, 58, 56-59.
- Ilyasov, R.A., Poskryakov, A.V., Petukhov, A.V., & Nikolenko, A.G. (2016). New approach to the mitotype classification in black honeybee Apis mellifera mellifera and Iberian honeybee Apis mellifera iberiensis. Russian Journal of Genetics, 52, 281-291. DOI: 10.1134/S102279541602005810.1134/S1022795416020058
- Jaffe, R., Dietemann, V., Crewe, R.M., & Moritz, R.F.A. (2009). Temporal variation in the genetic structure of a drone congregation area: an insight into the population dynamics of wild African honeybees (Apis mellifera scutellata). Molecular Ecology, 18, 1511-1522. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04143.x.10.1111/j.1365-294X.2009.04143.x
- Javier, J.G., Quezada-Euan, J.J.G., Paxton, R.J., Palmer, K.A., Itza, W.D.M., Tay, W.T., Oldroyd BP. (2007). Morphological and molecular characters reveal differentiation in a Neotropical social bee, Melipona beecheii (Apidae : Meliponini). Apidologie, 38, 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido:200700610.1051/apido:2007006
- Kumar, S., Stecher, G., & Tamura, K. (2016). MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33, 1870-1874. DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msw054
- Le Conte, Y., & Navajas, M. (2008). Climate change: impact on honey bee populations and diseases. Revue Scientifique Et Technique, 27, 485-497, 499-510.
- Magnus, R.M., Tripodi, A.D., & Szalanski, A.L. (2011). Mitochondrial DNA diversity of honey bees, Apis Mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) from queen breeders in the United States. Journal of Apicultural Science, 55(1), 37-46.
- Meixner, M.D., Leta, M.A., Koeniger, N., & Fuchs, S. (2011). The honey bees of Ethiopia represent a new subspecies of Apis mellifera-Apis mellifera simensis n. ssp. Apidologie, 42, 425-437. DOI: 10.1007/s13592-011-0007-y10.1007/s13592-011-0007-y
- Miguel, I., Baylac, M., Iriondo, M., Manzano, C., Garnery, L., Estonba, A. (2011). Both geometric morphometric and microsatellite data consistently support the differentiation of the Apis mellifera M evolutionary branch. Apidologie, 42, 150-161. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/201004810.1051/apido/2010048
- Moritz, R.F.A., de Miranda, J., Fries, I., Le Conte, Y., Neumann, P., Paxton, R.J. (2010). Research strategies to improve honeybee health in Europe. Apidologie, 41, 227-242. https://doi.org/10.1051/apido/201001010.1051/apido/2010010
- Ogbuehi, K.C., & Osuagwu, U.L. (2012). Repeatability and interobserver reproducibility of Artemis-2 high- frequency ultrasound in determination of human corneal thickness. Clinical Ophthalmology, 6, 761-769. DOI: 10.2147/OPTH.S3169010.2147/OPTH.S31690
- Paraïso, A., Viniwanou, N., Akossou, A.Y.J., Mensah, G.A., Aboila, W. (2011). Caractérisation morphomé- trique de l’abeille Apis mellifera adansonii au Nord- Est du Bénin. International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences, 5, 331-344. DOI:10.4314/ijbcs.v5i1.6810910.4314/ijbcs.v5i1.68109
- Paraïso, A., Paraïso, G., Salako, V., Abiola, W., Kelomey, A., Glele Kakaï, R., ... Glitho, A.I. (2016). Compliance of the morphometric characteristics of Bees in Benin with those of Apis mellifera andansonii. Journal of Entomology, 14, 24-32. DOI: 10.3923/je.2017.24.3210.3923/je.2017.24.32
- Ruttner, F. (1988). Biogeography and taxonomy of honey bees. Berlin, Heidelberg, New York.
- Ruttner, F., Tassencourt, L., & Louveaux J. (1978). Biometrical-statistical analysis of the geographic variability of Apis mellifera L.1. Material and Methods. Apidologie, 9, 363-381.
- Sheppard, W.S., Rinderer, T.E., Mazzoli, J.A., Stelzer, J.A., Shimanuki, H. (1991). Gene flow between African-derived and European-derived honey-bee populations in Argentina. Nature, 349, 782-784. DOI:10.1038/349782a010.1038/349782a0
- Sheppard, W.S., & Smith, D.R. (2000). Identification of African-derived bees in the Americas: A survey of methods. Annals of the Entomological Society of America, 93, 159-176. DOI: 10.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0159:IOADBI]2.0.CO;210.1603/0013-8746(2000)093[0159:IOADBI]2.0.CO;2
- Shrestha, S., & Kazama, F. (2007). Assessment of surface water quality using multivariate statistical techniques: A case study of the Fuji river basin, Japan. Environmental Modelling & Software, 22, 464-475. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsoft.2006.02.00110.1016/j.envsoft.2006.02.001
- Strauss, U., Human, H., Gauthier, L., Crewe, R.M., Dietemann, V., Pirk C.W.W. (2013). Seasonal prevalence of pathogens and parasites in the savannah honeybee (Apis mellifera scutellata). Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 114, 45-52. DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2013.05.00310.1016/j.jip.2013.05.003
- Villières, B. (1987). L’apiculture en régions tropicales et équatoriales de l’Oest. Bulletin Technique Apicole, 14, 193-220.
- Wallberg, A., Han, F., Wellhagen, G., Dahle, B., Kawata, M., Haddad, N., ... Webster, M.T. (2014). A worldwide survey of genome sequence variation provides insight into the evolutionary history of the honeybee Apis mellifera. Nature Genetics, 46, 1081-1088. DOI: 10.1038/ng.307710.1038/ng.3077