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Introducing the Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey 2018

IZA Journal of Development and Migration
Volume 12 (2021): Issue 1 (January 2021)
By:
Open Access
|Sep 2021

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Labor market status, as reported retrospectively for 2012 from 2018 data, by sex and contemporaneous status for 2012, individuals aged 20–44 years in 2012 and present in both waves (percentage).Source: Authors’ calculations from ELMPS 2012 and ELMPS 2018 retrospective data. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey.
Labor market status, as reported retrospectively for 2012 from 2018 data, by sex and contemporaneous status for 2012, individuals aged 20–44 years in 2012 and present in both waves (percentage).Source: Authors’ calculations from ELMPS 2012 and ELMPS 2018 retrospective data. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey.

Figure 2

Labor market status, as reported contemporaneously for 2012 and as reported retrospectively for 2012 from 2018 data, by sex, individuals aged 20–44 years in 2012 and present in both waves (percentage).Source: Authors’ calculations from ELMPS 2012 and ELMPS 2018 retrospective data. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey.
Labor market status, as reported contemporaneously for 2012 and as reported retrospectively for 2012 from 2018 data, by sex, individuals aged 20–44 years in 2012 and present in both waves (percentage).Source: Authors’ calculations from ELMPS 2012 and ELMPS 2018 retrospective data. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey.

Figure 3

Comparison of household size (percentage of households), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014 and 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Population Census 2017 Table 1–9 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Comparison of household size (percentage of households), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014 and 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Population Census 2017 Table 1–9 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 4

Comparison of age distribution (percentage in 5-year age group), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–2 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Comparison of age distribution (percentage in 5-year age group), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–2 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 5

Comparison of age distribution, age in 2006 (percentage in 5-year age group), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–2 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Comparison of age distribution, age in 2006 (percentage in 5-year age group), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–2 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 6

Marital status (percentage of individuals aged ≥18 years), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014 and 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–10 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Marital status (percentage of individuals aged ≥18 years), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014 and 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–10 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 7

Educational attainment (percentage of individuals aged ≥10 years), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014 and 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–3 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Educational attainment (percentage of individuals aged ≥10 years), by data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014 and 2017, ELMPS 2018, and Egypt Census 2017 Table 1–3 (CAPMAS, 2017). CAPMAS, Central Agency for Public Mobilization and Statistics; ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 8

Labor force participation rate (percentage), by sex and data source, ages 15–64, 1998–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017, ELMPS 1998–2018. LFS 2001–2007 from ILOSTAT (ILO, 2019). ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; ILO, International Labor Organization; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Labor force participation rate (percentage), by sex and data source, ages 15–64, 1998–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017, ELMPS 1998–2018. LFS 2001–2007 from ILOSTAT (ILO, 2019). ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; ILO, International Labor Organization; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 9

Labor force participation rates (percentage) by sex, age, and data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, and ELMPS 2018.Notes: Running mean smoother, bandwidth 0.4. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFP, labor force participation; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Labor force participation rates (percentage) by sex, age, and data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, and ELMPS 2018.Notes: Running mean smoother, bandwidth 0.4. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFP, labor force participation; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 10

Employment rates (percentage) by sex and data source, ages 15–64, 1998–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017, ELMPS 1998–2018. LFS 2001–2007 from ILOSTAT (ILO, 2019). ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; ILO, International Labor Organization; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Employment rates (percentage) by sex and data source, ages 15–64, 1998–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017, ELMPS 1998–2018. LFS 2001–2007 from ILOSTAT (ILO, 2019). ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; ILO, International Labor Organization; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 11

Employment rates (percentage) by sex, age, and data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, and ELMPS 2018.Notes: Running mean smoother, bandwidth 0.4. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Employment rates (percentage) by sex, age, and data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, and ELMPS 2018.Notes: Running mean smoother, bandwidth 0.4. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 12

Structure of employment in terms of industry (agriculture vs. non agriculture) and employment status (wage vs. non-wage), by sex and data source, employed, ages 15–64, 2006–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017 and ELMPS 2006, 2012, and 2018.Notes: Bars at 2006, 2012, and 2018 from ELMPS. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Structure of employment in terms of industry (agriculture vs. non agriculture) and employment status (wage vs. non-wage), by sex and data source, employed, ages 15–64, 2006–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017 and ELMPS 2006, 2012, and 2018.Notes: Bars at 2006, 2012, and 2018 from ELMPS. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 13

Structure of employment by industry, sex, and data source, employed, not in agriculture, ages 15–64, 2006–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2009–2017 and ELMPS 2006, 2012, and 2018.Note: Trade is “Wholesale and retail trade.” Bars at 2006, 2012, and 2018 from ELMPS. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Structure of employment by industry, sex, and data source, employed, not in agriculture, ages 15–64, 2006–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2009–2017 and ELMPS 2006, 2012, and 2018.Note: Trade is “Wholesale and retail trade.” Bars at 2006, 2012, and 2018 from ELMPS. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 14

Unemployment rates (percentage) by sex and data source, ages 15–64, 1998–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017, ELMPS 1998–2018. LFS 2001–2007 from ILOSTAT (ILO, 2019). ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; ILO, International Labor Organization; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Unemployment rates (percentage) by sex and data source, ages 15–64, 1998–2018.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2008–2017, ELMPS 1998–2018. LFS 2001–2007 from ILOSTAT (ILO, 2019). ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; ILO, International Labor Organization; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Figure 15

Unemployment rate (percentage) by sex, age, and data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, and ELMPS 2018.Notes: Running mean smoother, bandwidth 0.5. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.
Unemployment rate (percentage) by sex, age, and data source.Source: Authors’ calculations from LFS 2014, 2017, and ELMPS 2018.Notes: Running mean smoother, bandwidth 0.5. ELMPS, Egypt Labor Market Panel Survey; LFS, Labor Force Survey.

Type II attrition logit model: odds ratios for probability of attrition

Number of household members
No. of Children 0–5 in HH0.088*** (0.047)
No. of Children 6–14 in HH0.002*** (0.002)
No. of Males 15–64 in HH0.009*** (0.007)
No. of Females 15–64 in HH0.032*** (0.021)
No. of Males 65+ in HH0.038** (0.047)
No. of Females 65+ in HH0.007*** (0.009)
Governorate (Cairo (urban) omit.)
  Alex. # urban0.210*** (0.053)
  Port-Said # urban0.012*** (0.012)
  Suez # urban0.028*** (0.015)
  Damietta # urban0.050*** (0.032)
  Damietta # rural0.083*** (0.034)
  Dakahlia # urban0.069*** (0.027)
  Dakahlia # rural0.053*** (0.016)
  Sharkia # urban0.122*** (0.045)
  Sharkia # rural0.100*** (0.028)
  Kalyoubia # urban0.300** (0.111)
  Kalyoubia # rural0.094*** (0.032)
  Kafr-Elsheikh # urban0.049*** (0.026)
  Kafr-Elsheikh # rural0.050*** (0.017)
  Gharbia # urban0.172*** (0.058)
  Gharbia # rural0.098*** (0.028)
  Menoufia # urban0.072*** (0.032)
  Menoufia # rural0.082*** (0.033)
  Behera # urban0.086*** (0.036)
  Behera # rural0.083*** (0.026)
  Ismailia # urban0.123*** (0.043)
  Ismailia # rural0.111*** (0.035)
  Giza # urban0.245*** (0.071)
  Giza # rural0.348*** (0.102)
  Beni-Suef # urban0.086*** (0.034)
  Beni-Suef # rural0.161*** (0.044)
  Fayoum # urban0.015*** (0.011)
  Fayoum # rural0.112*** (0.034)
  Menia # urban0.072*** (0.028)
  Menia # rural0.061*** (0.017)
  Asyout # urban0.095*** (0.030)
  Asyout # rural0.107*** (0.029)
  Suhag # urban0.050*** (0.021)
  Suhag # rural0.035*** (0.011)
  Qena # urban0.106*** (0.040)
  Qena # rural0.086*** (0.023)
  Aswan # urban0.071*** (0.027)
  Aswan # rural0.074*** (0.026)
  Luxor # urban0.199* (0.146)
  Luxor # rural0.125*** (0.069)
Housing type (own or benefit omit.)
  Old rent1.036 (0.159)
  New rent3.021** (1.190)
Head age (<15 omit.)
  15–240.075* (0.099)
  25–340.079 (0.104)
  35–440.115 (0.151)
  45+0.127 (0.171)
Head sex (male omit.)
  Female0.269* (0.147)
Head marital stat. (married omit.)
  Single0.122*** (0.033)
  Divorced/Widow(er)0.293* (0.175)
Head marital stat. and sex int.
  Female # Single1.640 (0.526)
  Female # Divorced/Widow(er)0.837 (0.587)
Head education (illit. omit.)
  Reads & Writes1.355 (0.350)
  Less than Intermediate1.131 (0.193)
  Intermediate1.142 (0.201)
  Above Intermediate1.811 (0.590)
  University1.498 (0.334)
Head labor mkt. status (Government employee omit.)
  Out of manpower1.042 (0.832)
  Out of labor force1.546 (0.377)
  Unemployed.1.668 (0.444)
  Public enterp.1.028 (0.498)
  Priv. formal wage1.755 (0.526)
  Priv. inf. reg. wage1.618 (0.432)
  Priv. irreg. wage1.524 (0.432)
  Employer1.612 (0.645)
  Self-emp./UFW ag.0.677 (0.274)
  Self-emp./UFW non-ag.1.203 (0.408)
Wealth quintile (poorest omit.)
  Second1.278 (0.174)
  Third1.122 (0.163)
  Fourth1.436* (0.223)
  Richest2.125*** (0.363)
Constant7218.760*** (8790.485)
Pseudo R-sq.0.223
N (households)4598

Type I attrition logit model: odds ratios for probability of attrition

Number of household members
No. of Children 0–5 in HH0.938 (0.037)
No. of Children 6–14 in HH0.859*** (0.032)
No. of Males 15–64 in HH0.833*** (0.040)
No. of Females 15–64 in HH0.918 (0.045)
No. of Males 65+ in HH0.595** (0.095)
No. of Females 65+ in HH0.693** (0.090)
Single sex households (mixed sex omit.)
  All male1.543 (0.454)
  All female1.407* (0.209)
Governorate (Cairo (urban) omit.)
  Alex. # urban1.811*** (0.197)
  Port-Said # urban0.310** (0.114)
  Suez # urban0.740 (0.156)
  Damietta # urban0.654 (0.179)
  Damietta # rural0.517*** (0.098)
  Dakahlia # urban0.151*** (0.043)
  Dakahlia # rural0.181*** (0.039)
  Sharkia # urban0.628* (0.114)
  Sharkia # rural0.225*** (0.047)
  Kalyoubia # urban0.966 (0.168)
  Kalyoubia # rural0.484*** (0.086)
  Kafr-Elsheikh # urban0.414*** (0.101)
  Kafr-Elsheikh # rural0.251*** (0.054)
  Gharbia # urban0.830 (0.145)
  Gharbia # rural0.219*** (0.048)
  Menoufia # urban0.487** (0.117)
  Menoufia # rural0.154*** (0.052)
  Behera # urban0.287*** (0.074)
  Behera # rural0.312*** (0.063)
  Ismailia # urban0.658* (0.131)
  Ismailia # rural0.223*** (0.052)
  Giza # urban0.787 (0.123)
  Giza # rural0.657* (0.117)
  Beni-Suef # urban0.592** (0.117)
  Beni-Suef # rural0.647* (0.118)
  Fayoum # urban0.681 (0.135)
  Fayoum # rural0.179*** (0.056)
  Menia # urban0.314*** (0.079)
  Menia # rural0.264*** (0.056)
  Asyout # urban0.454*** (0.089)
  Asyout # rural0.417*** (0.083)
  Suhag # urban0.556** (0.114)
  Suhag # rural0.137*** (0.036)
  Qena # urban0.561* (0.128)
  Qena # rural0.348*** (0.073)
  Aswan # urban0.404*** (0.099)
  Aswan # rural0.244*** (0.072)
  Luxur # urban0.738 (0.266)
  Luxur # rural0.427 (0.192)
Housing type (own or benefit omit.)
  Old rent1.352*** (0.104)
  New rent2.636*** (0.272)
Head age (<25 omit.)
  25–340.956 (0.145)
  35–441.012 (0.163)
  45–540.799 (0.138)
  55+0.642* (0.114)
Head sex (male omit.)
  Female0.907 (0.160)
Head marital stat. (married omit.)
  Single0.392** (0.141)
  Divorced0.608 (0.265)
  Widow(er)1.177 (0.306)
Head marital stat. and sex int.
  Female # Single2.643 (1.384)
  Female # Divorced2.210 (1.140)
  Female # Widow(er)0.778 (0.246)
Head education (illit. omit.)
  Reads & Writes1.049 (0.142)
  Less than Intermediate1.037 (0.100)
  Intermediate1.075 (0.100)
  Above Intermediate0.936 (0.154)
  University1.326* (0.146)
Head labor mkt. status (Government employee omit.)
  Out of manpower1.589** (0.257)
  Out of labor force0.974 (0.120)
  Unemployed.0.848 (0.191)
  Public enterp.1.133 (0.169)
  Priv. formal wage1.018 (0.113)
  Priv. inf. reg. wage1.065 (0.118)
  Priv. irreg. wage0.872 (0.104)
  Employer0.811 (0.096)
  Self-emp./UFW ag.0.605 (0.181)
  Self-emp./UFW non-ag.0.886 (0.111)
Wealth quintile (poorest omit.)
  Second0.896 (0.090)
  Third0.883 (0.092)
  Fourth1.045 (0.111)
  Richest1.176 (0.136)
Constant0.564* (0.129)
Pseudo R-sq.0.122
N (households)11808

Status of 2012 households in 2018

NumberPercentage
Initial households12,060100.0
Household located10,04283.3
Natural attrition2522.1
  Household died out1881.6
  Household left the country640.5
Type I attrition1,76614.6
  Household refused2041.7
  Household found but not completed2912.4
  Household not found1,27110.5
Type I attrition rate 15.0

Status of individuals and split households in 2018, conditional on 2012 household being found

NumberPercentage
Individuals present in 2012 in original households found in 201842,340100.0
  Individuals still in original households in 201834,32581.1
  Individuals no longer in original households in 20188,01518.9
  Natural attrition through death and migration or leaving sample frame2,1715.1
  Individuals known to have died1,4973.5
  Individuals who emigrated or left for a gov. outside scope of survey5521.3
  Individuals who moved to group housing1220.3
  Individual splits to form households within Egypt5,84413.8
Potential split households (individuals who split together)4,598
  Split households found3,75181.6
  Split households not found (attrited)84718.4
Type II attrition rate 18.4
  Individuals from 2012 in split households found4,82882.6
  Individuals from 2012 in split households not found (attrited)1,01617.4
Total individuals from 2012 who were found39,153

Questionnaire modules

HouseholdIndividual

  • Statistical identification

  • Tracking splits

  • Individual roster

  • Housing information

  • Current migrants

  • Transfers from individuals

  • Other sources of income

  • Shocks and coping

  • Household non-farm activities

  • Agricultural assets: lands

  • Agricultural assets: livestock/poultry

  • Agricultural assets: equipment

  • Agriculture: crops

  • Other agricultural income

  • Statistical identification

  • Residential mobility

  • Father's characteristics

  • Mother's characteristics

  • Siblings

  • Health

  • Education

  • Past 7 days subsistence and domestic work

  • Employment in the past 7 days

  • Unemployment

  • Employment in the past 3 months

  • Characteristics of the main job

  • Secondary job

  • Labor market history

  • Marriage

  • Fertility

  • Female employment

  • Earnings

  • Earnings in secondary job

  • Return migration

  • Information technology

  • Savings and borrowing

  • Attitudes

Refresher sample clusters by governorate, urban/rural location, and poor vs_ non-poor

GovernorateUrbanRuralTotal
PoorNon-poorTotalPoorNon-poorTotalPoorNon-poorTotal
Cairo 1010 1010
Alexandria 77 77
Port Said 11 11
Suez 11 11
Damietta 11 11 22
Dakhalia 554374812
Sharkia 44 33 77
Kalyoubia 44415459
Kafr-Elsheikh 11 11 22
Gharbia 22 22 44
Menoufia 11426437
Behera 221421614418
Ismailia 11 11 22
Giza 7782108917
Beni-Suef 11617628
Fayoum 11123134
Menia 11235246
Asyout 331942319726
Suhag 221942319625
Qena 221552015722
Aswan 22325347
Luxor 11112123
Total 606010040140100100200

Individuals present in various combinations of waves, 1998–2018

Waves presentNumberPercentage
In 1998 & 2006 & 20123,0733.6
In 1998 & 20064,1434.8
In 1998 only6,6367.7
In 2006 & 20122,7963.2
In 2006 only4,2274.9
In 2012 only4,1644.8
In 1998 & 2006 & 2012 & 201810,14511.8
In 2006 & 2012 & 201812,75614.8
In 2012 & 201816,25218.8
In 2018 only22,07825.6
Total86,270100.0
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/izajodm-2021-0012 | Journal eISSN: 2520-1786
Journal RSS Feed
Language: English
Accepted on: Jun 15, 2021
Published on: Sep 24, 2021
Published by: Sciendo
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year
Keywords:
survey,
panel data,
public use data,
sample weights,
labor market,
Egypt
Related subjects:
Business and economics,
Political economics,
Microeconomics,
Macroeconomics,
Economic policy,
Mathematics and statistics for economists,
Econometrics

© 2021 Caroline Krafft, Ragui Assaad, Khandker Wahedur Rahman, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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