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International migratory agreements: the paradox of adverse interest Cover

International migratory agreements: the paradox of adverse interest

IZA Journal of Development and Migration
Volume 11 (2020): Issue 1 (January 2020)
By:
Open Access
|Nov 2020

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Relation between democracy in host countries and rights of admitted migrants.
Relation between democracy in host countries and rights of admitted migrants.

Figure 2

Relation between rights of migrants and openness.
Relation between rights of migrants and openness.

Figure 3

Relationship between openness and the income gap.
Relationship between openness and the income gap.

Figure 4

Kernel distribution of the normalized income levels difference index.Note: var1 describes the differences in GDP per capita (in PPP) between two partner countries relative to the differences between the richest and poorest country in the world in the year being considered. The variable has been estimated for each five-year period. The vertical axis describes the number of BLAs per income gap.
Kernel distribution of the normalized income levels difference index.Note: var1 describes the differences in GDP per capita (in PPP) between two partner countries relative to the differences between the richest and poorest country in the world in the year being considered. The variable has been estimated for each five-year period. The vertical axis describes the number of BLAs per income gap.

Figure 5

HD (γD,ηS,η) and HD (γD) functions for ηS = 1 – η.
HD (γD,ηS,η) and HD (γD) functions for ηS = 1 – η.

Figure 6

HU (γU, ηS, η) and HU(γμ,ηS_,η¯)−k(ηS−η−S)${{H}^{U}}\left( {{\gamma }^{\mu }},\underline{{{\eta }^{S}}},\bar{\eta } \right)-k\left( {{\eta }^{S}}-\eta _{-}^{S} \right)$when ηS = 0.9 and ηS_=0.8.$\underline{{{\eta }^{S}}}=0.8.$In order to simplify the presentation, we have assumed: ϵ = 4; Δ = 2; ξ = 2; δ = 3, for all developing countries.
HU (γU, ηS, η) and HU(γμ,ηS_,η¯)−k(ηS−η−S)${{H}^{U}}\left( {{\gamma }^{\mu }},\underline{{{\eta }^{S}}},\bar{\eta } \right)-k\left( {{\eta }^{S}}-\eta _{-}^{S} \right)$when ηS = 0.9 and ηS_=0.8.$\underline{{{\eta }^{S}}}=0.8.$In order to simplify the presentation, we have assumed: ϵ = 4; Δ = 2; ξ = 2; δ = 3, for all developing countries.

ηs thresholds obtained for different (ϵ;Δ;ξ,δ) variables and (γD,γU) values_

Threshold valuesγU = 0.7γU = 0.8γU = 0.9
(ϵ = 2;Δ = 2,ξ =1;δ = 2)0.90.9310.964
(ϵ = 2;Δ = 2,ξ =1;δ = 3)0.870.9130.955
(ϵ = 4;Δ = 2,ξ = 2;δ = 3)0.790.8550.922

j_izajodm-2020-0020_tab_003_w2aab3b7d257b1b6b1ab1b5b9c15Aa

OpenClose
CoopHU (γU ,ηS ,η); HD (γD ,ηS ,η)HU (γU); HD (γD)
DefectHU(γU,ηS_,η¯)−k(ηS−η−S);HD(γD,ηS_,η¯)${{H}^{U}}\left( {{\gamma }^{U}},\underline{{{\eta }^{S}}},\bar{\eta } \right)-k\left( {{\eta }^{S}}-\eta _{-}^{S} \right);{{H}^{D}}\left( {{\gamma }^{D}},\underline{{{\eta }^{S}}},\bar{\eta } \right)$HU(γU)−k(ηS−η−−S);HD(γD)${{H}^{U}}\left( {{\gamma }^{U}} \right)-k\left( {{\eta }^{S}}-\eta _{--}^{S} \right);{{H}^{D}}\left( {{\gamma }^{D}} \right)$

j_izajodm-2020-0020_tab_001_w2aab3b7d257b1b6b1ab1b5b3Aa

Host
OpenClose
HomeCoopHU(γU,ηS,η);HD(γD,ηS,η)${{H}^{U}}\left( {{\gamma }^{U}},{{\eta }^{S}},\eta \right);{{H}^{D}}\left( {{\gamma }^{D}},{{\eta }^{S}},\eta \right)$HU (γU); HD (γD)
DefectHU(γU,ηS_,η¯);HD(γD,ηS_,η¯)${{H}^{U}}\left( {{\gamma }^{U}},\underline{{{\eta }^{S}}},\bar{\eta } \right);{{H}^{D}}\left( {{\gamma }^{D}},\underline{{{\eta }^{S}}},\bar{\eta } \right)$HU (γU); HD (γD)

j_izajodm-2020-0020_tab_004_w2aab3b7d257b1b6b1ab2b1b5b3Aa

OpenClose
CoopHU (γU ,ηS ,η); HD (γD ,ηS ,η)HU (γU); HD (γD)
DefectHUγU,ηS_,η¯;HDγD,ηS_,η¯${{H}^{U}}\left( {{\gamma }^{U}},\underline{{{\eta }^{S}}},\bar{\eta } \right);{{H}^{D}}\left( {{\gamma }^{D}},\underline{{{\eta }^{S}}},\bar{\eta } \right)$HU(γU,η¯);HD(γD,η¯)${{H}^{U}}\left( {{\gamma }^{U}},\bar{\eta } \right);{{H}^{D}}\left( {{\gamma }^{D}},\bar{\eta } \right)$
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/izajodm-2020-0020 | Journal eISSN: 2520-1786
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Language: English
Published on: Nov 30, 2020
Published by: Sciendo
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 times per year
Keywords:
international migration,
unskilled and skilled migration,
adverse interest,
factor endowments,
asymmetric migration effects,
migratory agreements
Related subjects:
Business and economics,
Political economics,
Microeconomics,
Macroeconomics,
Economic policy,
Mathematics and statistics for economists,
Econometrics

© 2020 José Antonio Alonso, Francisco Javier Santos Arteaga, published by Sciendo
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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