References
- 1. World Health Organization. Antibiotic resistance. Fact sheets [updated 17 Nov 2021]. Available: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/antimicrobial-resistance
- 2. Foxman B. The epidemiology of urinary tract infection. Nat. Rev. Urol. 2010;7, 653-58.10.1038/nrurol.2010.190
- 3. Wagenlehner F.M., Bartoletti R., Cek M., et al. Antibiotic stewardship: a call for action by the urologic community. Eur Urol. 2013;64(3): 358–360. 10.1016/j.eururo.2013.05.044.10.1016/j.eururo.2013.05.044
- 4. Stapleton A. E., Wagenlehner F. M. E., Mulgirigama A., et al. Escherichia coli resistance to fluoroquinolones in community-acquired uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women: a systematic review. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2020;64, e00862-20.
- 5. Edelsberg J., Weycker D, Barron R., et al. Prevalence of antibiotic resistance in US hospitals. Diagn. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2014;78, 255–262.
- 6. Butler D., Ambite I., Wan M.L.Y. et al. Immunomodulation therapy offers new molecular strategies to treat UTI. Nat Rev Uro. 2022; 19, 419–437.
- 7. Foxman B., Barlow R., D’Arcy H., Gillespie B., et al. Urinary tract infection: self-reported incidence and associated costs. Ann Epidemiol. 2000;10(8): 509–515.10.1016/S1047-2797(00)00072-7
- 8. Kumar S., Dave A., Wolf B., et al. Urinary tract infections. Dis Mon. 2015;61(2): 45–59.10.1016/j.disamonth.2014.12.00225732782
- 9. Ambite I., Puthia M., Nagy K., et al. Molecular Basis of Acute Cystitis Reveals Susceptibility Genes and Immunotherapeutic Targets. PLoS Pathog. 2016 Oct 12;12(10):e1005848.10.1371/journal.ppat.1005848506133327732661
- 10. Rydstrom G. The molecular basis of acute cystitis; IL-1beta and inflammasome dysregulation. At Molecular UTI Conference (Urinary Tract Infection; molecular advances and novel therapies); 2014; Malmö, Sweden accesed online 16 Aug 2022.
- 11. Kumar H., Kawai T., Akira S. Pathogen recognition by the innate immune system. Int. Rev. Immunol. 2011;30, 16–34.
- 12. Lacerda Mariano L., Ingersoll M. A. The immune response to infection in the bladder. Nat. Rev. Urol. 2020;17, 439–458.
- 13. Nielubowicz GR.,Mobley HL. Host-pathogen interactions in urinary tract infection. Nat. Rev. Urol. 2010;7:430–441.
- 14. Song J., Abraham SN. Innate and adaptive immune responses in the urinary tract. Eur J Clin Invest. 2008 Oct;38 Suppl 2:21-8.10.1111/j.1365-2362.2008.02005.x18826478
- 15. Ambite I., Butler D., Wan MLY., et al. Molecular determinants of disease severity in urinary tract infection. Nat Rev Urol. 2021 Aug;18(8):468-486.10.1038/s41585-021-00477-x820430234131331
- 16. Klein, R. D., Hultgren S. J. Urinary tract infections: microbial pathogenesis, host-pathogen interactions and new treatment strategies. Nat. Rev. Microbiol. 2020;18,211–26.
- 17. Sundac L., Dando SJ., Sullivan MJ., et al. Protein-based profiling of the immune response to uropathogenic Escherichia coli in adult patients immediately following hospital admission for acute cystitis. Pathog Dis 2016;74 (6):ftw062.10.1093/femspd/ftw06227354295
- 18. Frendéus B., Godaly G., Hang L., et al. Interleukin-8 Receptor Deficiency Confers Susceptibility to Acute Pyelonephritis, J Exp Med 2000;192 (6): 881–890.
- 19. Smithson A., Sarrias MR., Barcelo J., et al. Expression of interleukin-8 receptors (CXCR1 and CXCR2) in premenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2005 Dec;12(12): 1358-63.10.1128/CDLI.12.12.1358-1363.2005131708116339057
- 20. Dinarello CA. Interleukin-1beta and the autoinflamma-tory diseases. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(23): 2467–2470.10.1056/NEJMe081101419494224
- 21. Broz P., Dixit V.M. Inflammasomes: mechanism of assembly, regulation and signalling. Nat Rev Immunol. 2016;16:407–420.10.1038/nri.2016.5827291964
- 22. Nagamatsu K., Hannan TJ., Guest RL., et al. Dysregulation of Escherichia coli alpha-hemolysin expression alters the course of acute and persistent urinary tract infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2015;112, E871–880.
- 23. Jung JH., Hong H.J., Gharderpour A., et al. Differential interleukin-1β induction by uropathogenic Escherichia coli correlates with its phylotype and serum C-reactive protein levels in Korean infants. Sci Rep. 2019;9, 15654.
- 24. Schaale K., Peters KM., Murthy AM., et al. Strain- and host species-specific inflammasome activation, IL-1beta release, and cell death in macrophages infected with uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Mucosal Immunol. 2016;9, 124–136.
- 25. Butler D.S.C., Ambite I., Nagy K. Neuroepithelial control of mucosal inflammation in acute cystitis. Sci Rep. 2018;8:11015.10.1038/s41598-018-28634-0605461030030504
- 26. Wullt B., Butler DSC., Ambite I., et al. Immunomodulation-A Molecular Solution to Treating Patients with Severe Bladder Pain Syndrome? Eur Urol Open Sci. 2021 Aug 6;31:49-58.10.1016/j.euros.2021.07.003838529334467240
- 27. Kamo I., Doi T. Effect of TAK-637, a tachykinin NK1-receptor antagonist, on lower urinary tract function in cats. Jpn J Pharmacol. 2001 Jun;86(2):165-9.10.1254/jjp.86.16511459118
- 28. Green SA., Alon A., Ianus J., et al. Efficacy and safety of a neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist in postmenopausal women with overactive bladder with urge urinary incontinence. J Urol. 2006 Dec;176(6 Pt 1):2535-40.10.1016/j.juro.2006.08.01817085151
- 29. Liu BK., Jin XW., Lu HZ., et al. The Effects of Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonist in an Experimental Autoimmune Cystitis Model Resembling Bladder Pain Syndrome/Interstitial Cystitis. Inflammation. 2019 Feb;42(1):246-254.10.1007/s10753-018-0888-230196377
- 30. Molina-Quiroz RC., Silva-Valenzuela C., Brewster J., et al. Cyclic AMP Regulates Bacterial Persistence through Repression of the Oxidative Stress Response and SOS-Dependent DNA Repair in Uropathogenic Escherichia coli. mBio. 2018 Jan 9;9(1):e02144-17.10.1128/mBio.02144-17576074329317513
- 31. Nelius T., Winter C., Willingham J., et al. Immune-Based Treatment Strategies for Patients with Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections – Where Are We?. In: Nelius, T., editor. Recent Advances in the Field of Urinary Tract Infections [Internet]. London: IntechOpen; 2013 [cited 2022 Aug 16]. Available: https://www.intichopen.com10.5772/52913
- 32. Abraham SN., Miao Y. The nature of immune responses to urinary tract infections. Nat Rev Immunol. 2015 Oct;15(10):655-63.10.1038/nri3887492631326388331
- 33. Chakraborty A., Haque S.M., Dey D. et al. Detection of UTI Pathogen-Killing Properties of Coleus forskohlii from Tissue Cultured In vitro and Ex vitro Plants. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., India, Sect. B Biol. Sci. 2022;92, 157–169.
- 34. Bishop BL., Duncan MJ., Song J., et al. Cyclic AMP-regulated exocytosis of Escherichia coli from infected bladder epithelial cells. Nat Med. 2007 May;13(5):625-30.10.1038/nm157217417648
- 35. Ching CB., Gupta S., Li B., et al. Interleukin-6/Stat3 signaling has an essential role in the host antimicrobial response to urinary tract infection. Kidney Int. 2018 Jun;93(6):1320-1329.10.1016/j.kint.2017.12.006596798629475562
- 36. Hunstad DA., Justice SS., Hung CS., et al. Suppression of bladder epithelial cytokine responses by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Infect Immun. 2005;73:3999–4006.10.1128/IAI.73.7.3999-4006.2005116857115972487
- 37. Yun H, Xie F, Delzell E, et al. Comparative Risk of Hospitalized Infection Associated With Biologic Agents in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Enrolled in Medicare. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2016;68:56–66.10.1002/art.3939926315675
- 38. Godaly G., Proudfoot AE., Offord RE., et al. Role of epithelial interleukin-8 (IL-8) and neutrophil IL-8 receptor A in Escherichia coli-induced transuroepithelial neutrophil migration. Infect Immun. 1997 Aug;65(8):3451-6.10.1128/iai.65.8.3451-3456.19971754889234811
- 39. Godaly G., Hang L., Frendéus B., et al. Transepithelial neutrophil migration is CXCR1 dependent in vitro and is defective in IL-8 receptor knockout mice. J Immunol. 2000 Nov 1;165(9):5287-94.10.4049/jimmunol.165.9.528711046063
- 40. Hang L., Frendeus B., Godaly G., et al. Interleukin-8 receptor knockout mice have subepithelial neutrophil entrapment and renal scarring following acute pyelonephritis. J. Infect. Dis. 2000. 182:1738-1748.10.1086/31759911069247