Have a personal or library account? Click to login
Investigation of unexplained reactivity: antibody of unknown specificity (AUS) Cover

Investigation of unexplained reactivity: antibody of unknown specificity (AUS)

Paid access
|Jul 2025

References

  1. Liu C, Grossman B. Antibody of undetermined specificity: frequency, laboratory features and natural history. Transfusion 2013;53:931–8.
  2. Tormey C, Hendrickson J. Antibodies of undetermined significance: nuisance or near miss? Transfusion 2013;53: 926–8.
  3. Van Winden KR, Poisson JL, Lee RH, Agarwal R, Ouzounian JG, Shulman IA. Non-specific red cell reactivity in an obstetric population. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2016;29:2848-51. DOI: 10.3109/14767058.2015.1107540
  4. Hill BC, Hanna CA, Adamski J, Pham HP, Marques MB, Williams LA 3rd. Ficin-treated red cells help identify clinically significant alloantibodies masked as reactions of undetermined specificity in gel microtubes. Lab Med 2017;48:24-8.
  5. Harach ME, Gould JM, Brown RP, Sanders T, Herman JH. Method-specific and unexplained reactivity in automated solid- phase testing and their association with specific antibodies. Immunohematology 2018;34:93-7.
  6. Miller NM, Johnson ST, Carpenter E, Naczek CA, Karafin MS. Patient factors associated with unidentified reactivity in solid- phase and polyethylene glycol antibody detection methods. Transfusion 2017;57:1288-93. doi: 10.1111/trf.l4079. Epub 2017 March 14.
  7. Weldy L. Polyethylene glycol antiglobulin test (PEG-AGT). Immunohematology 2014;30:158-60.
  8. Walker L. Low-ionic-strength saline solution-antiglobulin test (LISS-AGT).Immunohematology 2018;34:57-60.
  9. Hamilton JR. Albumin-indirect antiglobulin test. Immunohematology 2019;35:63-4.
  10. Hamilton JR. Saline-indirect antiglobulin test. Immunohematology 2019;35:156-8.
  11. Bruce B. Enzyme treatment of red blood cells: use of ficin and papain. Immunohematology 2022;38:90-5. doi: 10.21307/immunohematology-2022-048.
  12. Novotny A. Use of trypsin in serologic investigation. Immunohematology 2019;35:145-8.
  13. Bub CB. Dithiothreitol treatment of red blood cells. Immunohematology 2017;33:170-2.
  14. Kosanke J. EDTA glycine acid treatment of red blood cells. Immunohematology 2012;28:95-6.
  15. Waider KL. Rouleaux and saline replacement. Immunohematology. 2018;34:91-2.
  16. Wafford TR. Use of thiol reagents to disperse cold autoagglutination. Immunohematology 2022;38:25-6. doi: 10.21307/immunohematology 2022-037.
  17. Ekema EM. Cold autoadsorption. Immunohematology 2018; 34:158-60.
  18. Cobaugh A. Adsorption of cold agglutinins with rabbit red blood cells. Immunohematology 2018;34:46-8.
  19. Blagg LN. Sulfhydryl treatment of serum or plasma for the reduction of IgM antibodies. Immunohematology 2018; 34:135-9.
  20. Aye T, Arndt PA. Utility of chloroquine diphosphate in the blood bank laboratory. Immunohematology 2018;34:98-102.
  21. Jung J, Barron C. Elimination of HLA antibodies by platelet adsorption. Immunohematology 2020;36:1-3.
  22. Dupuis S. Use of the prewarm method for detecting clinically significant alloantibodies in the presence of cold auto-antibodies. Immunohematology 2018;34:148-50.
  23. Byrne KM, Mercado CMC, Nnabue TN, Paige TD, Flegel WA. Inhibition of blood group antibodies by soluble substances. Immunohematology. 2019;35:19-22.
  24. Grey C. Addition of fresh serum to plasma to aid in enhancement of complement-dependent antibodies. Immunohematology 2019;35:102-4.
  25. Bowman KL, Dunlap BC, Hawthorne LM, Billingsley KL. Acidification of plasma for detection of pH dependent antibodies. Immunohematology 2019;35:116-8.
  26. Hinrichs M, Keith MA. Cold acid elution (ELU Kit II). Immunohematology 2014;30:113-6.
  27. Dean-El C, Quraishy N. Heat elution: a modification of the Landsteiner-Miller method. Immunohematology 2019;35: 45-7.
  28. Nance ST. The monocyte monolayer assay, an in vitro method for prediction of in vivo survival of transfused incompatible red cells: a review. Immunohematology 2023;39:61-9.
  29. Patch GC, Hutchinson CF, Lang NA, Khalife G. How to recognize and resolve reagent-dependent reactivity: a review. Immunohematology 2016;32:96-9.
  30. Trimble J. An unusual antibody reacting with prediluted 0.896 reagent RBCs and with 0.896 older (aged) RBCs prepared at the time of testing. Immunohematology 2004;20:122-3.
  31. Garratty G. In vitro reactions with red blood cells that are not due to blood group antibodies: a review. Immunohematology 1998;14:1-11.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/immunohematology-2025-008 | Journal eISSN: 1930-3955 | Journal ISSN: 0894-203X
Language: English
Page range: 49 - 53
Published on: Jul 8, 2025
Published by: American National Red Cross
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year

© 2025 Janis R. Hamilton, Christine Lomas-Francis, Sandra J. Nance, published by American National Red Cross
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons License.