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Reductive Bias with Gated Recurrent Sentiment Analysis for Social Media Texts Using the Twitter Dataset Cover

Reductive Bias with Gated Recurrent Sentiment Analysis for Social Media Texts Using the Twitter Dataset

Open Access
|Mar 2026

Figures & Tables

Figure 1:

Methodology of reductive bias in gated recurrent SA of twitter data. RD-GRU, reductive bias-based gated recurrent unit; SA, sentiment analysis.
Methodology of reductive bias in gated recurrent SA of twitter data. RD-GRU, reductive bias-based gated recurrent unit; SA, sentiment analysis.

Figure 2:

Block diagram for SA for social media texts. LTF-MICF, log term frequency-modified inverse class frequency; SA, sentiment analysis.
Block diagram for SA for social media texts. LTF-MICF, log term frequency-modified inverse class frequency; SA, sentiment analysis.

Figure 3:

Performance analysis of the proposed method for Twitter API dataset. API, CNN, convolutional neural network; GRU, gated recurrent unit; RD-GRU, reductive bias-based gated recurrent unit; RNN, recurrent neural network.
Performance analysis of the proposed method for Twitter API dataset. API, CNN, convolutional neural network; GRU, gated recurrent unit; RD-GRU, reductive bias-based gated recurrent unit; RNN, recurrent neural network.

Figure 4:

Performance analysis of feature extraction method for Twitter API dataset. API, LTF-MICF, log term frequency-based modified inverse class frequency.
Performance analysis of feature extraction method for Twitter API dataset. API, LTF-MICF, log term frequency-based modified inverse class frequency.

The six attributes of Sentiment140 dataset

S. no.Attributes
1.Text of the tweet
2.User who tweeted
3.Whether there is a query on the tweet or not?
4.Date of tweet
5.Tweet ID
6.Polarity of the tweet

Performance analysis of feature extraction method for Sentiment140 dataset

MethodsAccuracy (%)Precision (%)Recall (%)F1-score (%)
Word2Vec91.0992.4893.0492.76
Glove94.1395.6995.8095.74
Skip gram96.3396.2996.3696.32
LTF-MICF98.9298.4997.5498.01

Performance analysis of the proposed method for Sentiment140 dataset

MethodsAccuracy (%)Precision (%)Recall (%)F1-score (%)
CNN91.1192.9389.9691.42
LSTM93.7994.4191.4092.88
RNN95.3696.9593.1595.01
GRU96.7497.4295.6396.52
Proposed RD-GRU Method98.9298.4997.5498.01

Comparative analysis of the proposed method for Sentiment140 dataset

MethodsAccuracy (%)Precision (%)Recall (%)F1-score (%)
SVM [17]84.2585.8386.3786.13
CNN-LSTM [18]97.8696.6596.7696.70
IBAO [21]98.7397.5696.4695.89
Proposed RD-GRU98.9298.4997.5498.01

Comparative analysis of the proposed method for Twitter API dataset

MethodsAccuracy (%)Precision (%)Recall (%)F1-score (%)
TSA-CNN-AOA (KNN)95.0994.2393.2393.71
Proposed RD-GRU97.8497.3796.9597.15
Language: English
Submitted on: Jul 9, 2025
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Published on: Mar 5, 2026
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 1 issue per year

© 2026 D. Srilatha, Harikrisha Bommala, published by Professor Subhas Chandra Mukhopadhyay
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.