Figure 1:
Block diagram for predictive diagnostics for early identification of cardiovascular disease. KNN, K-nearest neighbors; MLP, multilayer perceptron; PCA, principal component analysis.
Figure 2:
Correlation heatmap illustrating the interrelationship between features in the Cleveland dataset.
Figure 3:
Correlation heatmap illustrating the interrelationship between features in the Statlog dataset.
Table 1:
Dataset description
| No. | Dataset description | Ranges |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Age (years) | 29–79 |
| 2 | Sex | Male (1), female (0) |
| 3 | Types of chest pain (cp) | Typical angina (0), atypical angina (1), non-anginal pain (2), asymptomatic (3) |
| 4 | Resting blood pressure (trestbps) | 94–200 (mmHg) |
| 5 | Serum cholesterol (chol) | 126–564 (mg/dL) |
| 6 | Fasting blood pressure (fbs) | False (0), true (1) (mg/dL) |
| 7 | Resting electrocardiographic results (restecg) | Normal (0), having ST-T wave abnormality (1) probable or definite left ventricular hypertrophy (2) |
| 8 | Maximum heart rate achieved (thalach) | 71–202 |
| 9 | Exercise-induced angina (exang) | No (0), yes (1) |
| 10 | ST depression induced by exercises relative to rest (oldpeak) | 0–6.2 |
| 11 | Slope of the peak exercises ST segment (slope) | Upsloping (0), flat (1), downsloping (2) |
| 12 | Number of major vessels colored by fluoroscopy (ca) | 0–3 |
| 13 | Thalassemia (thal) | Normal (l), fixed defect (2), reversible defect (3) |
| 14 | Target class (target) | No (0), yes (1) |
Figure 4:
Count plot (age-count) on the Cleveland dataset.
Figure 5:
Count plot (age-count) on the Statlog dataset.
Figure 6:
Thalach distribution plot on the Cleveland dataset.
Figure 7:
Thalach distribution plot on the Statlog dataset.
Figure 8:
MLP predictions confusion matrix on the Statlog dataset. MLP, multilayer perceptron.
Figure 9:
MLP predictions confusion matrix on the Cleveland dataset. MLP, multilayer perceptron.
Figure 10:
KNN predictions confusion matrix on the Statlog dataset. KNN, K-nearest neighbors.
Figure 11:
KNN predictions confusion matrix on the Cleveland dataset. KNN, K-nearest neighbors.
Figure 12:
LR predictions confusion matrix on the Statlog dataset. LR, logistic regression.
Figure 13:
LR predictions confusion matrix on the Cleveland dataset. LR, logistic regression.