Table 1:
Parameters abbreviation
| Parameter | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Spreading factor | SF |
| Delay-sensitive services | DSS |
| Delay-tolerant service | DTS |
| Delay insensitive | DIS |
| Offered load | OL |
Figure 1:
Flowchart of algorithms.
Figure 2:
Energy consumption versus number of nodes. DML, delay-monitoring layered.
Figure 3:
Average packet delivery ratio versus number of nodes. DML, delay-monitoring layered; PDR, packet delivery rate.
Table 2:
Simulation parameters
| Parameters | Value |
|---|---|
| Frequency | 125 kHz |
| SF | 6–12 |
| Data rate | 250 bps |
| Payload | 59 |
| Coding rate | 4/5 |
| LoRa nodes | 40–100 |
| Number of layers | 1–15 |
| Number of gateways | 20 |
Figure 4:
Throughput of the proposed DML schemes versus number of nodes. DML, delay-monitoring layered.
Figure 5:
Throughput of the proposed DML schemes versus number of available channels. DML, delay-monitoring layered.