Figure 1:
Figure 2:
Figure 3:
Figure 4:
Figure 5:
Parameters abbreviation
| Parameter | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Spreading factor | SF |
| Delay-sensitive services | DSS |
| Delay-tolerant service | DTS |
| Delay insensitive | DIS |
| Offered load | OL |
Simulation parameters
| Parameters | Value |
|---|---|
| Frequency | 125 kHz |
| SF | 6–12 |
| Data rate | 250 bps |
| Payload | 59 |
| Coding rate | 4/5 |
| LoRa nodes | 40–100 |
| Number of layers | 1–15 |
| Number of gateways | 20 |