Figure 1:
General structure of backpropagation.
Figure 2:
Hierarchy of the system.
Table 1.
| Networks | Network download speed (Mbps) | Latency (ms) | Bandwidth | PLR (%) | Jitter (ms) | Target output (maximum download speed) Mbps |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 3G | 144 kbps–2 Mbps | 30–200 | 0.1 Mbps–3 Mbps | 2–10 | 10–30 | 3–7.2 |
| WLAN | 1 Mbps–8 Mbps | 80–300 | 2 Mbps–10 Mbps | 4–15 | 30–80 | 450–600 |
| 4G | 15 Mbps–90 Mbps | 20–150 | 200 Mbps–1 Gbps | 4–20 | 15–40 | 20–200 |
| 5G | 150 Mbps–10 Gbps | 1–10 | 1 Gbps–10 Gbps | 0–10 | 10–20 | 1000–10,000 |
Table 2.
Normalized weights for different applications
| Application | DS | L | BW | PLR | Jitter | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Video | 0.3101 | 0.1661 | 0.2912 | 0.0519 | 0.1808 | 1 |
| Audio | 0.4427 | 0.2843 | 0.1127 | 0.0639 | 0.0964 | 1 |
| Data transfer | 0.5232 | 0.1924 | 0.1331 | 0.1152 | 0.0361 | 1 |
| Web browsing | 0.3686 | 0.3743 | 0.1242 | 0.0868 | 0.0461 | 1 |
[i] DS, Download Speed, L, latency, BW, Bandwidth, PLR, Packet Loss Rate.
Figure 3:
Weights for video application.
Figure 4:
Weights for audio application.
Figure 5:
Weights for web browsing application.
Figure 6:
Weights for data transfer application.
Figure 7:
Network outputs for video application.
Figure 8:
Network outputs for audio application.
Figure 9:
Network outputs for web browsing application.
Figure 10:
Network outputs for data application.
Table 3.
Mean square error of available networks
| Network | Mean Square Error |
|---|---|
| 3G | 0.005272 |
| WLAN | 0.00499 |
| 4G | 0.004527 |
| 5G | 0.008507 |
Table 4.
Throughput of networks
| Network | Obtained output (normalized values)/s | Delivered output (normalized values)/s | % Throughput |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3G | 0.8817 | 0.9524 | 92.58 |
| WLAN | 0.896 | 0.966 | 92.75 |
| 4G | 0.9243 | 0.955 | 96.79 |
| 5G | 0.9182 | 0.988 | 92.94 |
Figure 11:
% Throughput for all networks.
Figure 12:
Comparison with existing algorithm.