Figure 1
OSI layer mapping for metering application of G3-PLC.
Figure 2
An AMI network and its components (Fan and Gong, 2013).
Table 1
An overview of the technical characteristic of the NB-PLC standards.
| Standard | Modulation | Data rates | Frequency Band | IP | Other features |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PLAN | S-FSK | 0.2–2.4 kbps | CENELEC-A | ||
| AMIS | DCSK | 0.6–3 kbps | CENELEC-A | ||
| OSGP | B-PSK | 3.6–57.6 kbps | CENELEC-A | ||
| Meters&More | B-PSK | 4.8–57.6 kbps | CENELEC-A, ARIB, FCC | ||
| PRIME | OFDM | 21.4–128.6 kbps | CENELEC-A | iPv4 | Tree |
| G3-PLC | OFDM | 2.4–33.4 kbps | CENELEC-A, ARIB, FCC | iPv6 | Robust mode, mesh routing |
| 1901.2 | OFDM | Approximately 80 kbps | CENELEC-A, ARIB, FCC | iPv6 | Coherent modulation |
| G.9902 | OFDM | Approximately 80 kbps | CENELEC-A, FCC | iPv6 | Coherent modulation |
Table 2
Values of group C for electricity energy (A = 1).
| Code | Physical data |
|---|---|
| 0 | General purpose objects |
| 1 | Active power+ |
| 3 | Reactive power+ |
| 11 | Current: any phase |
| 12 | Voltage: any phase |
| 14 | Supply frequency |
| ⋮ | ⋮ |
Figure 3
Example of COSEM object models.
Figure 4
DLMS/COSEM supported by G3-PLC protocols.
Figure 5
The 6LoWPAN frame format for the G3-PLC.
Figure 6
The messaging in LOAD protocol.
Figure 7
A typical MAC layer data frame.
Figure 8
A typical physical layer frame format.
Figure 9
Block diagram of the G3-PLC transmitter at the physical layer.
Table 3
RS encoders based on modulation.
| CENELEC-A Number of symbols | Reed-Solomon blocks (bytes) D8PSK (Out/In) (Note 1) | Reed-Solomon blocks (bytes) DQPSK (Out/In) (Note 1) | Reed-Solomon blocks (bytes) DBPSK (Out/In) (Note 1) | Reed-Solomon blocks (bytes) Robust (Out/In) (Note 2) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 12 | (80/64) | (53/37) | (26/10) | N/A |
| 20 | (134/118) | (89/73) | (44/28) | N/A |
| 32 | (215/199) | (143/127) | (71/55) | N/A |
| 40 | N/A | (179/163) | (89/73) | (21/13) |
| 52 | N/A | (233/217) | (116/100) | (28/20) |
| 56 | N/A | (251/235) | (125/109) | (30/22) |
| 112 | N/A | N/A | (251/235) | (62/54) |
| 252 | N/A | N/A | N/A | (141/133) |
[i] NOTE 1 – Reed-Solomon with 16 bytes parity.
[ii] NOTE 2 – Reed-Solomon with 8 bytes parity.
Figure 10
Convolutional encoder used in the G3-PLC.
Table 4
Data rate for various G3-PLC modulation and coding schemes.
| CENELEC-A | Data rate per modulation type, bit/s | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of symbols | D8PSK, P16 (Note 1) | DQPSK, P16 (Note 1) | DBPSK, P16 (Note 1) | Robust, P8 (Note 2) |
| 12 | 21 829 | 12 619 | 3 410 | N/A |
| 20 | 32 534 | 20 127 | 7 720 | N/A |
| 32 | 42 619 | 27 198 | 11 778 | N/A |
| 40 | N/A | 30 385 | 13 608 | 2 423 |
| 52 | N/A | 33 869 | 15 608 | 3 121 |
| 56 | N/A | 34 792 | 16 137 | 3 257 |
| 112 | N/A | N/A | 20 224 | 4 647 |
| 252 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 5 592 |
[i] NOTE 1 - Reed-Solomon with a 16 byte parity.
[ii] NOTE 2 - Reed-Solomon with an 8 byte parity.
[iii] NOTE - N/A means not applicable and the reason for this is that the corresponding number of symbols specified results in an RS encoder block length that exceeds the maximum allowable limit of 255.