Public–private partnerships and human development

Hanna, Kociemska; Franklin, Obeng-Odoom; Leszek, Patrzałek

doi:10.2478/ijme-2024-0032

Figures & Tables

Dependence between HDI value along with other parameters and study groups

Variable	Parameter	Control group (N = 642)	Study group (N = 840)	test	p-value
HDI	N	309	675	Mann–Whitney U	<0.001
	Mean (SD)	0.73 (0.11)	0.51 (0.11)
	Median (IQR)	0.76 (0.71–0.8)	0.51 (0.43–0.59)
	Range	0.4–0.85	0.19–0.74
GDP per capita	N	614	840	Mann–Whitney U	<0.001
	Mean (SD)	21,565.22 (22,320.62)	1,568.93 (1,612.61)
	Median (IQR)	15,489.6 (6,921.05–27,530.41)	908.09 (463.77–2,034.86)
	Range	209–117,098.45	121.26–8,810.93
Gini index	N	42	185	Mann–Whitney U	<0.001
	Mean (SD)	51.68 (4.82)	49.98 (7.05)
	Median (IQR)	51.75 (49.35–55.65)	49.8 (44.2–55.4)
	Range	40.3–58.2	35.3–65.8
Political stability	N	430	616	Mann–Whitney U	<0.001
	Mean (SD)	0.38 (0.84)	–0.25 (0.67)
	Median (IQR)	0.48 (0.03–0.97)	–0.23 (–0.65 to 0.11)
	Range	–2.65 to 1.97	–2.7 to 1.22

The results of two-way repeated measures ANOVA for HDI with Year and PPP Group

	Sum Sq.	Mean Sq.	F value	p-value
Error: Country name
Year	1.42	1.42	3.698	0.0567
PPP_Group2	46.21	46.21	119.96	<0.001
Year: PPP_Group2	2.48	2.48	6.44	0.012
Error: Within
Year	6.433	6.433	1,582.7	<0.001
Year: PPP_Group2	0.05	0.05	123.7	<0.001

Predicted values of HDI for next 10 years

Country name	Year	probs_1_year	probs_2_year	probs_3_year	probs_4_year	probs_5_year	probs_6_year	probs_7_year	probs_8_year	probs_9_year	probs_10_year
El Salvador	2019	0.69	0.695	0.7	0.704	0.709	0.714	0.718	0.723	0.728	0.732
Honduras	2019	0.654	0.66	0.667	0.673	0.679	0.685	0.691	0.698	0.704	0.71
Zimbabwe	2019	0.574	0.581	0.589	0.596	0.604	0.611	0.619	0.626	0.633	0.641
Lesotho	2017	0.535	0.543	0.551	0.558	0.566	0.574	0.581	0.589	0.596	0.604
Uganda	2016	0.544	0.552	0.56	0.568	0.576	0.583	0.591	0.599	0.607	0.615
Malawi	2016	0.473	0.481	0.49	0.498	0.506	0.515	0.523	0.531	0.54	0.548
Rwanda	2016	0.529	0.537	0.545	0.553	0.561	0.569	0.577	0.585	0.593	0.601
Zambia	2015	0.559	0.566	0.574	0.581	0.589	0.596	0.603	0.611	0.618	0.626
Benin	2015	0.531	0.538	0.546	0.554	0.561	0.569	0.577	0.584	0.592	0.6
Botswana	2015	0.664	0.667	0.669	0.672	0.675	0.677	0.68	0.682	0.685	0.688
Cabo Verde	2015	0.654	0.66	0.666	0.671	0.677	0.683	0.689	0.695	0.701	0.707
Kenya	2015	0.58	0.587	0.594	0.602	0.609	0.616	0.624	0.631	0.638	0.646
Namibia	2015	0.611	0.615	0.619	0.623	0.627	0.631	0.635	0.639	0.643	0.647
Togo	2015	0.515	0.523	0.531	0.539	0.547	0.555	0.563	0.571	0.58	0.588
Guatemala	2014	0.636	0.641	0.646	0.651	0.656	0.661	0.666	0.671	0.676	0.681
Mozambique	2014	0.418	0.426	0.434	0.442	0.45	0.458	0.466	0.474	0.482	0.49
Nicaragua	2014	0.666	0.673	0.679	0.686	0.693	0.7	0.707	0.714	0.72	0.727
South Africa	2014	0.676	0.678	0.68	0.682	0.684	0.686	0.688	0.69	0.692	0.694
Burkina Faso	2014	0.392	0.4	0.408	0.416	0.424	0.431	0.439	0.447	0.455	0.463
Comoros	2014	0.545	0.553	0.56	0.567	0.574	0.582	0.589	0.596	0.603	0.611
Madagascar	2012	0.533	0.541	0.549	0.558	0.566	0.574	0.582	0.591	0.599	0.607
Senegal	2011	0.48	0.488	0.495	0.502	0.51	0.517	0.525	0.532	0.539	0.547
Guinea-Bissau	2010	0.446	0.455	0.463	0.471	0.479	0.487	0.495	0.503	0.512	0.52
Central African	2008	0.366	0.374	0.382	0.39	0.398	0.407	0.415	0.423	0.431	0.439
Republic
Belize	1998	0.635	0.641	0.646	0.652	0.658	0.664	0.67	0.676	0.681	0.687

Linear mixed-effects model explaining HDI with social inequalities variables

	Estimate	2.5%	97.5%	p-value
Intercept	0.879	0.378	1.381	0.003
GDP	0.084	–0.079	0.247	0.316
Year	0.475	0.394	0.555	<0.001
Gini	0.069	0.002	0.136	0.047
Political stability	0.178	0.096	0.259	<0.001
Projects reaching financial closure	0.244	0.020	0.469	0.046
Localisation Group: Subsaharian Africa	–1.154	–1.719	–0.589	0.001
GDP: Year	–0.122	–0.195	–0.049	0.002

Dependence between the existence of PPP projects and a region

Variable	Parameter	Study group (N = 28)	Control group (N = 28)	test	p-value
Localization	Europe and Central Asia	14.3% (N = 4)	0% (N = 0)	Fisher	<0.001
	Latin America and Caribbean	57.1% (N = 16)	21.4% (N = 6)
	Middle East and North Africa	14.3% (N = 4)	0% (N = 0)
	North America	3.6% (N = 1)	0% (N = 0)
	Subsaharian Africa	10.7% (N = 3)	78.6% (N = 22)

Linear mixed-effects model explaining HDI with year and total investment

	Estimate	2.5%	97.5%	p-value
Intercept	–0.018	–0.355	0.325	0.933
Total investment	0.381	0.034	0.730	0.043
Year	0.417	0.398	0.437	<0.001

Public–private partnerships and human development

Figures & Tables

Dependence between HDI value along with other parameters and study groups

The results of two-way repeated measures ANOVA for HDI with Year and PPP Group

Predicted values of HDI for next 10 years

Linear mixed-effects model explaining HDI with social inequalities variables

Dependence between the existence of PPP projects and a region

Linear mixed-effects model explaining HDI with year and total investment

Paradigm

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