Energy security as a source of international competitiveness in new EU member states

Figures & Tables

	Model 1 (Eq. [3])		Model 2 (Eq. [4])		Model 3 (Eq. [5])
ln(RCAi⋆)−ln(RCAPL∗)$\ln \left( {RCA_i^ \star } \right) - \ln \left( {RCA_{PL}^ * } \right)$	Coef.	P > t	Coef.	P > t	Coef.	P > t
ln(TPES_i) – ln(TPES_PL)	–0.220*	0.058	–0.213**	0.023	–0.170*	0.078
ln(EID_i) – ln(EID_PL)	–0.013	0.743	-	-	-	-
ln(RES) – ln(RES_PL)	–0.018**	0.047	–0.020**	0.018	-	-
ln(EI_i) – ln(EI_PL)	–0.031	0.671	-	-	-	-
ln(GHG_i) – ln(GHG_PL)	0.021	0.684	-	-	-	-
[ ln(KiLi)−ln(KPLLPL) ]KiGVAi$\left[ {\ln \left( {{{{K_i}} \over {{L_i}}}} \right) - \ln \left( {{{{K_{PL}}} \over {{L_{PL}}}}} \right)} \right]{{{K_i}} \over {GV{A_i}}}$	195.925*	0.094	191.537	0.105	212.377*	0.068
[ ln(Hi)−ln(HPL) ]wiw¯$\left[ {\ln \left( {{H_i}} \right) - \ln \left( {{H_{PL}}} \right)} \right]{{{w_i}} \over {\bar w}}$	1.482**	0.015	1.519**	0.015	1.533**	0.016
ln(GVAiLi)−ln(GVAPLLPL)$\ln \left( {{{GV{A_i}} \over {{L_i}}}} \right) - \ln \left( {{{GV{A_{PL}}} \over {{L_{PL}}}}} \right)$	–0.058	0.680	–0.045	0.760	–0.057	0.700
β₀	–0.600	0.021	–0.595	0.006	–0.515	0.026
Lagram–Multiplier	0.001		0.001		0.001
Modified Wald	0.000		0.000		0.000
Jarque–Bera P-value	0.016		0.021		0.126
Shapiro–Wilk P-value	0.000		0.000		0.017
Levin–Lin–Chu P-value	0.000		0.000		0.000
Harris–Tzavalis P-value	0.000		0.000		0.000
R² within	0.263		0.259		0.235
R² between	0.235		0.239		0.277
R² overall	0.193		0.196		0.228
Prob. > F	0.000		0.001		0.001

Variable	ln(TPES_i) – ln(TPES_PL)	ln(GVAiLi)−ln(GVAPLLPL)$\ln \left( {{{GV{A_i}} \over {{L_i}}}} \right) - \ln \left( {{{GV{A_{PL}}} \over {{L_{PL}}}}} \right)$	[ ln(KiLi)−ln(KPLLPL) ]KiGVAi$\left[ {\ln \left( {{{{K_i}} \over {{L_i}}}} \right) - \ln \left( {{{{K_{PL}}} \over {{L_{PL}}}}} \right)} \right]{{{K_i}} \over {GV{A_i}}}$	ln(RES_i) – ln(RES_PL)	ln(GHG_i) – ln(GHG_PL)	ln(EI_i) – ln(Ei_PL)	[ ln(Hi)−ln(HPL) ]wiw¯$\left[ {\ln \left( {{H_i}} \right) - \ln \left( {{H_{PL}}} \right)} \right]{{{w_i}} \over {\bar w}}$	ln(EID_i) – ln(EID_PL)	Mean VIF
VIF	10.480	5.540	3.930	3.370	2.980	2.760	2.590	2.490	4.270

Group	Description (source)	Formula
Dependent variable	Relative RCA*	ln(RCAi∗)−ln(RCAPL∗)$\ln \left( {RCA_i^ * } \right) - \ln \left( {RCA_{PL}^ * } \right)$
Heckscher–Ohlin theory	Relative physical capital per worker endowment	[ ln(KiLi)−ln(KPLLPL) ]KiGVAi$\left[ {\ln \left( {{{{K_i}} \over {{L_i}}}} \right) - \ln \left( {{{{K_{PL}}} \over {{L_{PL}}}}} \right)} \right]{{{K_i}} \over {GV{A_i}}}$
	Relative human capital endowment	[ ln(Hi)−ln(HPL) ]wiw¯$\left[ {\ln \left( {{H_i}} \right) - \ln \left( {{H_{PL}}} \right)} \right]{{{w_i}} \over {\bar w}}$
Ricardian theory	Relative labor productivity	ln(GVAiLi)−ln(GVAPLLPL)$\ln \left( {{{GV{A_i}} \over {{L_i}}}} \right) - \ln \left( {{{GV{A_{PL}}} \over {{L_{PL}}}}} \right)$
Energy variables	Total primary energy supply [OECD, 2020]	ln (TPES_i) – ln (TPES_PL)
	Energy import dependency [Eurostat, 2020b]	ln (EID_i)–ln(EID_PL)
	Share of renewable energy in gross final energy consumption [Eurostat, 2020c]	ln (RES_i)–ln(RES_PL)
	Energy intensity [Eurostat, 2020d]	ln(EI_i)–ln(Ei_PL)
	Greenhouse gas emissions [Eurostat, 2020e]	ln (GHG_i)–ln (GHG_PL)