Efficiency ranking of economic growth toward sustainable growth with grey system theory: the case of small countries in advanced and emerging economies

Figures & Tables

	o₁ (BEL)	o₂ (CZE)	o₃ (DEN)	o₄ (EST)	o₅ (LAT)	o₆ (LIT)	o₇ (HUN)	o₈ (NET)	o₉ (AUT)	o₁₀ (SLO)	o₁₁ (FIN)	o₁₂ (SWE)
r₁	0.986	0.564	0.858	0.507	0.201	0.329	0.456	0.649	0.907	0.258	0.833	1.000
r₂	0.925	0.782	0.920	0.706	0.668	0.670	0.769	0.842	0.774	0.794	0.893	1.000
r₃	0.967	0.730	1.000	0.459	0.333	0.476	0.595	0.817	0.864	0.384	0.959	0.853
r₄	0.488	0.045	0.972	0.100	0.037	0.042	0.026	0.857	0.606	0.023	0.804	1.000
r₅	0.637	0.863	0.599	0.547	0.580	0.274	1.000	0.467	0.915	0.887	0.613	0.755
r₆	0.349	0.352	0.167	0.597	0.873	1.000	0.527	0.739	0.495	0.495	0.405	0.461
r₇	0.764	0.681	0.864	0.680	0.690	0.690	0.705	1.000	0.728	0.676	0.821	0.881
i₁	0.740	0.377	1.000	0.369	0.290	0.331	0.264	0.854	0.795	0.315	0.805	0.868
i₂	1.000	0.334	0.373	0.168	0.384	0.413	0.706	0.481	0.738	0.529	0.612	0.351

	o₁ (BEL)	o₂ (CZE)	o₃ (DEN)	o₄ (EST)	o₅ (LAT)	o₆ (LIT)	o₇ (HUN)	o₈ (NET)	o₉ (AUT)	o₁₀ (SLO)	o₁₁ (FIN)	o₁₂ (SWE)
e1∗$e_1^ * $	0.415	0.765	0.506	1.000	0.000	0.222	0.266	0.290	0.453	0.010	0.449	0.808
e2∗$e_2^ * $	0.034	0.735	0.205	1.000	0.602	0.489	0.357	0.156	0.000	0.539	0.156	0.390
e3∗$e_3^ * $	0.178	1.000	0.479	0.700	0.069	0.325	0.280	0.276	0.191	0.000	0.390	0.430
e4∗$e_4^ * $	0.320	0.046	0.858	0.202	0.035	0.037	0.000	0.775	0.464	0.001	0.682	1.000
e5∗$e_5^ * $	0.019	1.000	0.100	0.774	0.592	0.021	0.790	0.000	0.286	0.811	0.096	0.312
e6∗$e_6^ * $	0.065	0.306	0.000	0.809	0.961	1.000	0.345	0.353	0.164	0.380	0.134	0.210
e7∗$e_7^ * $	0.000	0.626	0.229	1.000	0.708	0.590	0.349	0.374	0.043	0.436	0.169	0.343

	o₁ (BEL)	o₂ (CZE)	o₃ (DEN)	o₄ (EST)	o₅ (LAT)	o₆ (LIT)	o₇ (HUN)	o₈ (NET)	o₉ (AUT)	o₁₀ (SLO)	o₁₁ (FIN)	o₁₂ (SWE)
SEI-EG₂₀₂₀	0.012	0.338	0.116	0.633	0.188	0.146	0.097	0.078	0.042	0.069	0.082	0.234
SEI-EG₂₀₁₉	0.005	0.261	0.115	0.714	0.149	0.122	0.062	0.057	0.028	0.054	0.055	0.162
SEI-EG₂₀₁₈	0.006	0.262	0.127	0.758	0.147	0.146	0.059	0.058	0.028	0.053	0.062	0.141
SEI-EG₂₀₁₇	0.006	0.255	0.126	0.781	0.142	0.124	0.058	0.057	0.025	0.065	0.070	0.118
SEI-EG₂₀₁₆	0.008	0.236	0.139	0.754	0.146	0.136	0.050	0.055	0.024	0.063	0.078	0.119

	o₁ (BEL)	o₂ (CZE)	o₃ (DEN)	o₄ (EST)	o₅ (LAT)	o₆ (LIT)	o₇ (HUN)	o₈ (NET)	o₉ (AUT)	o₁₀ (SLO)	o₁₁ (FIN)	o₁₂ (SWE)
r₁	3.48	1.99	3.03	1.79	0.71	1.16	1.61	2.29	3.2	0.91	2.94	3.53
r₂	54.4	46.0	54.1	41.5	39.3	39.4	45.2	49.5	45.5	46.7	52.5	58.8
r₃	2.0548	1.5497	2.1242	0.9746	0.7068	1.0117	1.2646	1.7361	1.8359	0.815	2.0365	1.8121
r₄	208.52	19.26	414.99	42.87	15.79	17.89	11.18	366.14	258.61	9.89	343.43	427.10
r₅	13.5	18.3	12.7	11.6	12.3	5.8	21.2	9.9	19.4	18.8	13.0	16.0
r₆	22.6	22.8	10.8	38.6	56.5	64.7	34.1	47.8	32.0	32.0	26.2	29.8
r₇	107.7	120.9	95.3	121.0	119.2	119.3	116.7	82.3	113.0	121.8	100.3	93.4
i₁	39,560	20,170	53,480	19,720	15,500	17,710	14,100	45,670	42,540	16,860	43,030	46,420
i₂	112.8	37.7	42.1	19.0	43.3	46.6	79.6	54.3	83.3	59.7	69.0	39.6

	o₁ (BEL)	o₂ (CZE)	o₃ (DEN)	o₄ (EST)	o₅ (LAT)	o₆ (LIT)	o₇ (HUN)	o₈ (NET)	o₉ (AUT)	o₁₀ (SLO)	o₁₁ (FIN)	o₁₂ (SWE)
SEI-EG	0.012	0.338	0.116	0.633	0.188	0.146	0.097	0.078	0.042	0.069	0.082	0.234

Country	Total population	Total employment From 15 years to 64 years percentage of total population	GDP pc In PPS UE = 100	General government gross debt	Labor productivity, GDP per person employed
Country	2020	2020	2020	2020	2019/2020
Austria	8,916,864	72.4	124.9	82.3	−4.9
Belgium	11,538,684	64.7	119.0	112.0	−5.4
Denmark	5,834,404	74.4	132.7	42.2	−0.9
Finland	5,529,543	72.1	114.1	74.8	−0.5
Netherlands	17,441,500	77.8	130.5	54.7	−3.4
Sweden	10,353,442	75.5	122.4	39.5	−0.8
Czech Rep.	10,697,858	74.4	93.4	37.7	−3.9
Estonia	1,329,522	73.2	86.1	18.5	2.2
Hungary	9,750,149	69.7	74.5	79.3	−3.5
Lithuania	2,794,885	71.6	87.6	46.3	1.6
Latvia	1,900,449	71.6	72.0	42.0	0.8
Slovakia	5,458,827	67.5	71.8	58.9	−1.5

	o₁ (BEL)	o₂ (CZE)	o₃ (DEN)	o₄ (EST)	o₅ (LAT)	o₆ (LIT)	o₇ (HUN)	o₈ (NET)	o₉ (AUT)	o₁₀ (SLO)	o₁₁ (FIN)	o₁₂ (SWE)
e₁	0.567	0.792	0.625	0.944	0.299	0.442	0.471	0.486	0.591	0.305	0.588	0.820
e₂	0.532	1.100	0.670	1.314	0.992	0.900	0.793	0.630	0.504	0.940	0.630	0.820
e₃	0.556	1.026	0.728	0.854	0.494	0.640	0.614	0.612	0.563	0.454	0.677	0.700
e₄	0.281	0.063	0.708	0.187	0.055	0.056	0.027	0.642	0.395	0.027	0.568	0.820
e₅	0.366	1.213	0.436	1.019	0.861	0.368	1.032	0.350	0.597	1.050	0.433	0.619
e₆	0.201	0.495	0.122	1.111	1.296	1.344	0.544	0.553	0.322	0.586	0.286	0.378
e₇	0.439	0.957	0.629	1.266	1.025	0.927	0.728	0.749	0.475	0.800	0.579	0.723