Descriptive statistics for the scale of organizational commitment to learning (“pre-COVID-19” sample)
| Item | N | Mean | Std. deviation | Skewness | Kurtosis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statistic | Statistic | Statistic | Statistic | Std. error | Statistic | Std. error | |
| The sense around here is that employee learning is an investment, not an expense | 238 | 4.91 | 1.590 | −0.585 | 0.158 | −0.239 | 0.314 |
| Learning in my organization is seen as a key commodity necessary to guarantee organizational survival | 238 | 4.87 | 1.562 | −0.606 | 0.158 | −0.080 | 0.314 |
| In our corporate culture, the employees’ learning is seen as very important | 238 | 4.99 | 1.566 | −0.638 | 0.158 | −0.109 | 0.314 |
| Commitment to learning | 238 | 14.77 | 4.516 | −0.644 | 0.158 | 0.013 | 0.314 |
| Valid N (listwise) | 238 | ||||||
Descriptive statistics for measures of market performance (“COVID-19” sample)
| Item | N | Mean | Std. deviation | Skewness | Kurtosis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statistic | Statistic | Statistic | Statistic | Std. error | Statistic | Std. error | |
| Financial results in 2020 (estimated) | 219 | 3.36 | 0.945 | −1.042 | 0.164 | 0.685 | 0.327 |
| Sales dynamics in 2020 (estimated) compared to 2019 | 219 | 2.99 | 0.995 | 0.525 | 0.164 | −0.602 | 0.327 |
| Financial results 2019–2020 | 219 | 7.05 | 1.755 | −0.938 | 0.164 | 0.256 | 0.327 |
| Sales dynamics 2018–2020 | 219 | 6.69 | 1.808 | 0.237 | 0.164 | −0.746 | 0.327 |
| Valid N (listwise) | 219 | ||||||
Correlations between measures of market performance and commitment to learning (“COVID-19” sample, after removal of outliers)
| Item | Commitment to learning | |
|---|---|---|
| Financial results in 2020 (6 outliers removed) | Pearson correlation | 0.181* |
| Sig. (two tailed) | 0.008 | |
| N | 213 | |
| Sales dynamics in 2020 compared with 2019 (10 outliers removed) | Pearson correlation | 0.162** |
| Sig. (two tailed) | 0.019 | |
| N | 209 | |
| Financial results during 2019–2020 (7 outliers removed) | Pearson correlation | 0.152** |
| Sig. (two tailed) | 0.027 | |
| N | 212 | |
| Sales dynamics during 2018–2020 (13 outliers removed) | Pearson correlation | 0.142** |
| Sig. (two tailed) | 0.042 | |
| N | 206 |
Correlations between three measures of OL (“pre-COVID-19” sample)
| Characteristics | Commitment to learning | Financing (or not) employees’ training | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Commitment to learning | Pearson correlation | 1 | 0.392** |
| Sig. (two tailed) | 0.000 | ||
| N | 238 | 238 | |
| Financing (or not) employees’ training | Pearson correlation | 0.392** | 1 |
| Sig. (two tailed) | 0.000 | ||
| N | 238 | 240 | |
| Diversity of information | Pearson correlation | 0.245** | 0.193** |
| sources | Sig. (two tailed) | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| N | 238 | 240 |
The number of types of information sources per company (“pre-COVID-19” sample)
| Item | Frequency | Percent | Valid percent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Valid | 0 – no information from outside sources | 118 | 49.2 | 49.2 |
| 1 - information from one outside source | 90 | 37.5 | 37.5 | |
| 2 - information from two outside sources | 25 | 10.4 | 10.4 | |
| 3 - information from three outside sources | 7 | 2.9 | 2.9 | |
| Total | 240 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Analysis of variance for sales dynamics in 2018 compared with 2017 (“pre-COVID-19” sample) Tests of between-subjects effects Dependent variable: Sales dynamics in 2018 compared with 2017
| Source | Type III sum of squares | df | Mean square | F | Sig. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corrected model | 14.851a | 6 | 2.475 | 3.788 | 0.001 |
| Intercept | 202.667 | 1 | 202.667 | 310.128 | 0.000 |
| Commitment to learning | 0.698 | 1 | 0.698 | 1.067 | 0.303 |
| Financing of trainings | 0.002 | 1 | 0.002 | 0.003 | 0.960 |
| Diversity of information sources | 5.608 | 1 | 5.608 | 8.581 | 0.004 |
| Medium-sized firms vs. small-sized firms | 0.086 | 1 | 0.086 | 0.132 | 0.717 |
| Exporters vs. non-exporters | 3.464 | 1 | 3.464 | 5.301 | 0.022 |
| Firm size * Exp. vs. non-exp. interaction | 0.319 | 1 | 0.319 | 0.488 | 0.485 |
| Error | 147.690 | 226 | 0.653 | ||
| Total | 3,456.000 | 233 | |||
| Corrected total | 162.541 | 232 |
Answers to a question related to financing of employee training (“pre-COVID-19” sample)
| Item | Frequency | Percent | Valid percent | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Valid | No financing | 90 | 37.5 | 37.5 |
| Covering a minority of costs | 21 | 8.8 | 8.8 | |
| Covering most of the costs | 48 | 20.0 | 20.0 | |
| Full financing | 81 | 33.8 | 33.8 | |
| Total | 240 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
Descriptive statistics for the scale of organizational commitment to learning (“COVID-19” sample)
| Item | N | Mean | Std. deviation | Skewness | Kurtosis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statistic | Statistic | Statistic | Statistic | Std. error | Statistic | Std. error | |
| The sense around here is that employee learning is an investment, not an expense | 219 | 5.13 | 0.752 | −0.157 | 0.164 | −0.713 | 0.327 |
| Learning in my organization is seen as a key commodity necessary to guarantee organizational survival | 219 | 5.11 | 0.736 | −0.044 | 0.164 | −0.450 | 0.327 |
| In our corporate culture, the employees’ learning is seen as very important | 219 | 5.42 | 0.870 | −0.201 | 0.164 | −0.570 | 0.327 |
| Commitment to learning | 219 | 15.66 | 2.214 | −0.285 | 0.164 | −0.454 | 0.327 |
| Valid N (listwise) | 219 | ||||||
Descriptive statistics for measures of market performance (“pre-COVID-19” sample)
| Item | N | Mean | Std. deviation | Skewness | Kurtosis | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Statistic | Statistic | Statistic | Statistic | Std. error | Statistic | Std. error | |
| Financial results in 2018 | 240 | 3.92 | 0.782 | −0.593 | 0.157 | 0.527 | 0.313 |
| Sales dynamics in 2018 compared to 2017 | 240 | 3.71 | 0.881 | −0.134 | 0.157 | −0.560 | 0.313 |
| Financial results 2017–2018 | 240 | 7.82 | 1.488 | −0.380 | 0.157 | 0.011 | 0.313 |
| Sales dynamics 2016–2018 | 240 | 7.41 | 1.634 | −0.079 | 0.157 | −0.373 | 0.313 |
| Perception of success compared to competitors | 240 | 4.37 | 0.980 | 0.956 | 0.157 | 2.252 | 0.313 |
| Valid N (listwise) | 240 | ||||||
Correlations between measures of market performance and measures of OL (“pre-COVID-19” sample)
| Item | Commitment to learning | Financing (or not) employees’ training | Diversity of information sources | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sales dynamics in 2018 compared to 2017 (5 outliers removed) | Pearson correlation | 0.137* | 0.081 | 0.239** |
| Sig. (two tailed) | 0.036 | 0.219 | 0.000 | |
| N | 233 | 235 | 235 | |
| Sales dynamics 2016–2018 (4 outliers removed) | Pearson correlation | 0.204** | 0.136* | 0.299** |
| Sig. (two tailed) | 0.002 | 0.036 | 0.000 | |
| N | 234 | 236 | 236 | |
| Perception of success compared to competitors (4 outliers removed) | Pearson correlation | 0.237** | 0.155* | 0.244** |
| Sig. (two tailed) | 0.000 | 0.018 | 0.000 | |
| N | 233 | 235 | 235 |
Analysis of variance for sales dynamics during 2016–2018 (“pre-COVID-19” sample; after removal of four outliers) Tests of between-subjects effects Dependent variable: Sales dynamics during 2016–2018 (after removal of four outliers)
| Source | Type III sum of squares | df | Mean square | F | Sig. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corrected model | 48.736a | 6 | 8.123 | 5.367 | 0.000 |
| Intercept | 862.521 | 1 | 862.521 | 569.922 | 0.000 |
| Commitment to learning | 5.721 | 1 | 5.721 | 3.780 | 0.053 |
| Financing of trainings | 0.301 | 1 | 0.301 | 0.199 | 0.656 |
| Diversity of information sources | 20.628 | 1 | 20.628 | 13.630 | 0.000 |
| Medium-sized firms vs. small-sized firms | 0.974 | 1 | 0.974 | 0.644 | 0.423 |
| Exporters vs. non-exporters | 0.636 | 1 | 0.636 | 0.420 | 0.517 |
| Firm size * Exp. vs. non-exp. interaction | 4.218 | 1 | 4.218 | 2.787 | 0.096 |
| Error | 343.542 | 227 | 1.513 | ||
| Total | 15,577.000 | 234 | |||
| Corrected total | 392.278 | 233 |
Analysis of variance for sales dynamics in 2018 compared with 2017 (“COVID-19” sample; after removal of six outliers) Tests of between-subjects effects Dependent variable: Estimated financial results in 2020 (after removal of six outliers)
| Source | Type III sum of squares | df | Mean square | F | Sig. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corrected model | 30,258a | 5 | 6,052 | 9,646 | 0.000 |
| Intercept | 34,265 | 1 | 34,265 | 54,618 | 0.000 |
| Balance of COVID-19 consequences | 6,057 | 1 | 6,057 | 9,654 | 0.002 |
| Commitment to learning | 1,141 | 1 | 1,141 | 1,819 | 0.179 |
| Medium-sized firms vs. small-sized firms | 0.039 | 1 | 0.039 | 0.062 | 0.803 |
| Exporters vs. non-exporters | 9,947 | 1 | 9,947 | 15,855 | 0.000 |
| Firm size * Exp. vs. non-exp. interaction | 3,582 | 1 | 3,582 | 5,710 | 0.018 |
| Error | 129,864 | 207 | 0.627 | ||
| Total | 2,662,000 | 213 | |||
| Corrected total | 160,122 | 212 |
Analysis of variance for evaluation of success compared with competitors (“pre-COVID-19” sample; after removal of four outliers) Tests of between-subjects effects Dependent variable: Perception of success compared with competitors (after removal of four outliers)
| Source | Type III sum of squares | df | Mean square | F | Sig. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Corrected model | 20.234a | 6 | 3.372 | 4.646 | 0.000 |
| Intercept | 219.868 | 1 | 219.868 | 302.945 | 0.000 |
| Commitment to learning | 5.278 | 1 | 5.278 | 7.272 | 0.008 |
| Financing of trainings | 0.286 | 1 | 0.286 | 0.395 | 0.531 |
| Diversity of information sources | 5.510 | 1 | 5.510 | 7.592 | 0.006 |
| Medium-sized firms vs. small-sized firms | 0.437 | 1 | 0.437 | 0.602 | 0.438 |
| Exporters vs. non-exporters | 0.197 | 1 | 0.197 | 0.272 | 0.603 |
| Firm size * Exp. vs. non-exp. Interaction | 1.427 | 1 | 1.427 | 1.967 | 0.162 |
| Error | 164.024 | 226 | 0.726 | ||
| Total | 4,632.000 | 233 | |||
| Corrected total | 184.258 | 232 |