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Efficiency and equity – The Swedish economy in comparison to other countries at the beginning of the 21st century Cover

Efficiency and equity – The Swedish economy in comparison to other countries at the beginning of the 21st century

International Journal of Management and Economics
Volume 57 (2021): Issue 3 (September 2021)
By:  and    
Open Access
|Sep 2021
Figures & tables

Figures & Tables

Table 1

Territory and population in the Nordic countries, 2018

DenmarkFinlandIcelandNorwaySweden
Area (in km2)43,094338,145103,000323,802450,295
Population (in million people)5.8105.5370.3445.37210.041

[i] Source: Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook, 2018.

Table 2

Territory and population in Sweden, US, and Poland, 2018

CountryArea (in km2)Population (in million people)
Sweden450,29510.041
US9,833,517329.256
Poland312,68538.421

[i] Source: Central Intelligence Agency, The World Factbook, 2018.

Figure 1

Countries with the highest HDI, 2017.

Source: Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update 2018, p. 22. HDI, Human Development Index.

Table 3

HDI in Sweden and other Nordic countries, 2017

SwedenNorwayIcelandDenmarkFinland
0.9330.9530.9350.9290.917

[i] Source: Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update 2018, p. 22.

[ii] HDI, Human Development Index.

Table 4

HDI in Sweden, the US, and Poland, 2017

SwedenUSPoland
0.9330.9240.865

[i] Source: Human Development Indices and Indicators: 2018 Statistical Update 2018, p. 22.

[ii] HDI, Human Development Index.

Figure 2

Countries with the highest level of life satisfaction of their inhabitants, 2016–2018a.

aScale 0–10.

Source: Helliwell, Layard, Sachs 2019.

Table 5

Life satisfaction in Sweden and other Nordic countries, 2016–2018a

SwedenFinlandDenmarkNorwayIceland
7.3437.7697.6007.5547.494

a Scale 0–10.

Source: Helliwell, Layard, Sachs 2019.

Table 6

Satisfaction with life in Sweden, the US, and Poland, 2016–2018a

SwedenUSPoland
7.3436.8926.182

a Scale 0–10.

Source: Helliwell, Layard, Sachs 2019.

Figure 3

OECD member countries with the highest per capita GDP, 2018a.

aIn US dollars, current PPPs. GDP, gross domestic product; PPP, purchasing power parity.

Source: OECD [2021], GDP: GDP per head, US$, current prices, current PPPs; https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=60702 (accessed January 9, 2021).

Table 7

GDP per capita in Sweden and other Nordic countries, 2018a

SwedenNorwayDenmarkIcelandFinland
55,24371,90959,27258,95351,296

a In US dollars, current PPPs.

Source: OECD [2021], GDP: GDP per head, US$, current prices, current PPPs; https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=60702 (accessed January 9, 2021).

GDP, gross domestic product; PPP, purchasing power parity.

Table 8

GDP per capita in Sweden, the US, and Poland, 2018a

SwedenUSPoland
55,24362,94932,611

a In US dollars, current PPPs.

Source: OECD [2021], GDP: GDP per head, US$, current prices, current PPPs; https://stats.oecd.org/index.aspx?queryid=60702 (accessed January 9, 2021).

GDP, gross domestic product; PPP, purchasing power parity.

Figure 4

Number of triadic patent families per million inhabitants, 2018.

Source: OECD [2021], Triadic patent families (indicator). doi: 10.1787/6a8d10f4-en (accessed June 2, 2021); OECD [2021], Population (indicator). doi: 10.1787/d434f82b-en (accessed June 2, 2021). Own calculations.

Table 9

Innovativeness in the Nordic countries (triadic patent families, 2018)a

SwedenDenmarkFinlandNorwayIceland
75.758.148.220.58.8

a Number of submissions per million inhabitants.

Source: OECD [2021], Triadic patent families (indicator). doi: 10.1787/6a8d10f4-en (accessed June 2, 2021); OECD [2021], Population (indicator). doi: 10.1787/d434f82b-en (accessed June 2, 2021). Own calculations.

Table 10

Innovativeness in Sweden, the US, and Poland (triadic patent families, 2018)a

SwedenUSPoland
75.7392.5

a Number of submissions per million inhabitants.

Source: OECD [2021], Triadic patent families (indicator). doi: 10.1787/6a8d10f4-en (accessed June 2, 2021); OECD [2021], Population (indicator). doi: 10.1787/d434f82b-en (accessed June 2, 2021). Own calculations.

Figure 5

OECD member countries with the lowest Gini coefficient, year 2017a.

aScale 0 – 1.0; net income (after taxes and transfers).

b2016 data.

c2015 data.

Source: OECD [2019], Income inequality (indicator). doi: 10.1787/459aa7f1-en (accessed November 9, 2019).

Table 11

Gini coefficient for disposable income in Sweden and other Nordic countries, 2017a

SwedenFinlandNorwayDenmarkbIcelandc
28.226.626.226.125.5

a Scale 0 – 100; net income (after taxes and transfers).

b 2016 data.

c 2015 data.

Source: OECD [2019], Income inequality (indicator). doi: 10.1787/459aa7f1-en (accessed November 9, 2019).

Table 12

Gini coefficient for disposable income in Sweden, the US, and Poland, 2017a

SwedenUSPolandb
28.239.028.4

a Scale 0 – 100; net income (after taxes and transfers).

b 2016 data.

Source: OECD [2019], Income inequality (indicator). doi: 10.1787/459aa7f1-en (accessed November 9, 2019).

Table 13

Average HUR in Sweden and other Nordic countries, 2007–2017 (in % of the labor force)

SwedenFinlandDenmarkIcelandNorway
7.448.096.334.853.62

[i] Source: OECD [2019], HUR (indicator). doi: 10.1787/52570002-en (accessed November 9, 2019); own calculations.

[ii] HUR, harmonized unemployment rate.

Table 14

Average HUR in Sweden, the US, and Poland in 2010–2018 (in % of the labor force)

SwedenUSPoland
7.446.768.38

[i] Source: OECD [2019], HUR (indicator). doi: 10.1787/52570002-en (accessed November 9, 2019); own calculations.

[ii] HUR, harmonized unemployment rate.

Figure 6

Share of long-term unemployment in total unemployment in selected OECD countries, 2018 (%).

Source: OECD [2019], Long-term unemployment rate (indicator). doi: 10.1787/76471ad5-en (accessed November 9, 2019).

Table 15

Share of long-term unemploymenta in total unemployment in Sweden and other Nordic countries, 2018 (%)

SwedenIcelandNorwayDenmarkFinland
15.510.914.420.222.8

a 12 months or longer.

Source: OECD [2019], Long-term unemployment rate (indicator). doi: 10.1787/76471ad5-en (accessed November 9, 2019).

Table 16

Share of long-term unemploymenta in total unemployment in Sweden, the US, and Poland, 2018 (%)

SwedenUSPoland
15.513.326.9

a 12 months or more.

Source: OECD [2019], Long-term unemployment rate (indicator). doi: 10.1787/76471ad5-en (accessed November 9, 2019).

Figure 7

OECD countries with the lowest poverty rate (in %), end of 2017a.

aThe poverty rate is the percentage of inhabitants whose income is less than half the median income of all households.

Source: OECD [2021], Poverty rate (indicator). doi: 10.1787/0fe1315d-en (accessed February 17, 2021).

Table 17

Poverty rate in the Nordic countries (in %), 2017

SwedenNorwayFinlandDenmarkaIcelandb
9.38.46.36.14.9

a 2016 data.

b 2015 data.

Source: OECD [2021], Poverty rate (indicator). doi: 10.1787/0fe1315d-en (accessed February 17, 2021).

Table 18

Poverty rate in Sweden, US, and Poland (%), 2017

SwedenUSPoland
9.317.89,6

[i] Source: OECD [2021], Poverty rate (indicator). doi: 10.1787/0fe1315d-en (accessed February 17, 2021).

Table 19

Intergenerational mobility of earnings in Sweden and other Nordic countriesa

SwedenDenmarkNorwayFinlandIceland
0.270.150.170.18n.d.a.

a The table shows the elasticities of sons’ earnings compared to those of fathers. For example, a coefficient level of 0.3 means that a 100% change in fathers’ earnings is accompanied by a 30% change in sons’ earnings. A smaller coefficient of elasticity thus means greater intergenerational mobility of earnings.

Source: Corak [2013a] (after: Corak [2016]).

Table 20

Intergenerational mobility of earnings in Sweden and the US

SwedenUSPoland
0.270.470n.d.a.

[i] Source: Corak [2013a] (after: Corak [2016]).

DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2021-0017 | Journal eISSN: 2543-5361 (formerly 2299-9701) | Journal ISSN: 2299-9701
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Language: English
Page range: 255 - 267
Submitted on: Feb 19, 2021
Accepted on: Jul 17, 2021
Published on: Sep 30, 2021
Published by: SGH Warsaw School of Economics
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
comparative economic systems,
Nordic model,
Sweden
JEL:
P520
Related subjects:
Business and economics,
Business management,
Management accounting, financial controlling, cost calculation, investment

© 2021 Bogusław Czarny, Elżbieta Czarny, published by SGH Warsaw School of Economics
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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