Chart 1
U.S. immigration visas for Polish citizens 1992–2011, (in thousands).
Source: Own elaboration based on the U.S. Department of State: U.S. Visa Law and Policy, Visa Statistics, Annual Reports.
Table 1
Correlation between migration volumes and macroeconomic indicators, 1994–2018.
| USA | ||
|---|---|---|
| Immigration total | Immigration from Poland | |
| Estimates (significance) | Estimates (significance) | |
| U.S. variables | ||
| Unemployment (lagged difference) | −77,621.7* | 820.5957 |
| GDP growth (lagged) | 43,287.5* | −421.6084 |
| Per capita GDP (lagged difference) | 109.6* | −.410685 |
| FDI to GDP | 8,831,567 | −87,336.7 |
| Share of investment in GDP (lagged difference) | 70,564.67 | −778.4 |
| Polish variables | ||
| Unemployment (lagged difference) | N.A. | 551.2* |
| GDP growth (lagged) | N.A. | −708.3*** |
| FDI (lagged difference) | N.A. | −7.17e-08 |
| FDI to GDP | N.A. | −25,858.7 |
| Share of investment in GDP (lagged difference) | N.A. | −345.1 |
Source: Own elaboration based on World Bank: GDP Growth (annual%), World Bank: Foreign Direct Investment, net inflows, World Bank: Gross Capital Formation (% of GDP), World Bank: Unemployment, total (% of total labor force), U.S. Census Bureau: U.S. Visa Law and Policy, Visa Statistics, Annual Reports.