| Formal rules positive perception | Independent | WEF pillar | Average calculation index of the following items:
- –
To what extent do you evaluate the formal institutions (“written rules”) in your country as a chance for the success of your company? - –
In the context of competing with your most relevant competitors do you think you benefit from formal institutions at the expense of these competitors?
| Not at all – Very much (7 point scale) |
| Formal rules negative perception | Independent | WEF pillar | Average calculation index of the following items:
- –
To what extent do you evaluate formal institutions (“written rules”) as an inhibiting factor for the success of your company? - –
In the context of competing with your most relevant competitors do you think formal institutions will discriminate you in favour of these competitors?
| Not at all – Very much (7 point scale) |
| Informal rules positive perception | Independent | WEF pillar | Average calculation index of the following items:
- –
To what extent do you evaluate informal institutions (“unwritten rules”) as a chance for the success of your company? - –
In the context of competing with your most relevant competitors do you think you benefit from informal institutions at the expense of these competitors?
| Not at all – Very much (7 point scale) |
| Informal rules negative perception | Independent | WEF pillar | Average calculation index of the following items:
- –
To what extent do you evaluate informal institutions (“unwritten rules”) as an inhibiting factor for the success of your company? - –
In the context of competing with your most relevant competitors do you think informal institutions will discriminate you in favor of these competitors?
| Not at all – Very much (7 point scale) |
| Judicial system efficacy perception | Independent | WEF pillar | - –
In your country, to what extent is the judiciary independent from the influences of members of government, citizens, or firms?
| Heavily influenced – Entirely independent (7 point scale) |
| Corporate governance efficacy perception | Independent | WEF pillar | | Management has little accountability to investors and board – Management is highly accountable to investors and boards (7 point scale) |
| ethics and behavioral firm perception | Independent | WEF pillar | - –
In your country, how would you rate the corporate ethics of companies (ethical behavior in interactions with public officials, politicians, and other firms)?
| Extremely poor among the worst in the world – Excellent among the best in the world (7 point scale) |
| Property and intellectual rights | Independent | WEF pillar | Average calculation index of the following items:
- –
In your country, how strong is the protection of property rights, including financial assets? - –
In your country, how strong is the protection of intellectual property, including anti-counterfeiting measures?
| Extremely weak – Extremely strong (7 point scale) |
| Market orientation | Dependent | | | Not at all – Very much (7 point scale) |
| Network orientation | Dependent | | | Not at all – Very much (7 point scale) |
| Self-efficacy | Dependent | Jerusalem and Schwarzer [1999] | Average calculation index of the following items:
- –
I can always manage to solve difficult problems if I try hard enough. - –
If someone opposes me, I can find the means and ways to get what I want. - –
It is easy for me to stick to my aims and accomplish my goals. - –
I am confident that I could deal efficiently with unexpected events. - –
Thanks to my resourcefulness, I know how to handle the unforeseen situation. - –
I can solve most problems if I invest the necessary effort. - –
I can remain calm when facing difficulties because I can rely on my coping abilities. - –
If I am in trouble, I can usually think of a solution. - –
When I am confronted with a problem, I can usually find several solutions. - –
I can usually handle whatever comes my way.
| Not at all true – Exactly true (4 point scale) |
