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Response to urban challenges by global cities within developmental states: The case of Tokyo and Seoul Cover

Response to urban challenges by global cities within developmental states: The case of Tokyo and Seoul

International Journal of Management and Economics
Volume 55 (2019): Issue 4 (December 2019)
By: Shahed Khan,  Megumi Khan and  Sang Kyung An  
Open Access
|Dec 2019

Figures & Tables

Figure 1

Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of Japan and South Korea. Source: Lee and Chung [2013].
Per capita gross domestic product (GDP) of Japan and South Korea. Source: Lee and Chung [2013].

Figure 2

Science and technology competitiveness – Japan and South Korea. Source: Lee and Chung [2013].
Science and technology competitiveness – Japan and South Korea. Source: Lee and Chung [2013].

Figure 3

Global technological ranking – Japan and South Korea. Source: Lee and Chung [2013].
Global technological ranking – Japan and South Korea. Source: Lee and Chung [2013].

Figure 4

Proportion of foreign workers by country (1990–1999). Source: Trends in International Migration 2001 (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)).
Proportion of foreign workers by country (1990–1999). Source: Trends in International Migration 2001 (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD)).

Figure 5

Central Tokyo and Tokyo Metropolitan Area (Greater Tokyo). Source (Base map): Encyclopedia Britannica inc. Modified by the authors.
Central Tokyo and Tokyo Metropolitan Area (Greater Tokyo). Source (Base map): Encyclopedia Britannica inc. Modified by the authors.

Figure 6

Seoul and Seoul Metropolitan Region (SMR). Source: Wan and An [2017].
Seoul and Seoul Metropolitan Region (SMR). Source: Wan and An [2017].

Figure 7

Tokyo’s long period of economic stagnation. Source: IMF quoted in The Economist [2012].
Tokyo’s long period of economic stagnation. Source: IMF quoted in The Economist [2012].

Figure 8

Population changes in Tokyo Metropolitan Area 1980–2010. Source (Data): Ministry of Internal Affairs & Communications, Bureau of Statistics & Population Census of Japan. Graph created by the authors.
Population changes in Tokyo Metropolitan Area 1980–2010. Source (Data): Ministry of Internal Affairs & Communications, Bureau of Statistics & Population Census of Japan. Graph created by the authors.

Figure 9

Population changes in Tokyo Central Area 1980–2010. Source (Data): Ministry of Internal Affairs & Communications, Bureau of Statistics & Population Census of Japan. Graph created by the authors.
Population changes in Tokyo Central Area 1980–2010. Source (Data): Ministry of Internal Affairs & Communications, Bureau of Statistics & Population Census of Japan. Graph created by the authors.

Figure 10

Net-migrations in Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Source: Nomura Real Estate Urban Net based on the data provided by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Statistics Bureau. Modified by the authors.
Net-migrations in Tokyo Metropolitan Area. Source: Nomura Real Estate Urban Net based on the data provided by Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications Statistics Bureau. Modified by the authors.

Figure 11

Population growth in Seoul Metropolitan Region (SMR). Source: Cox [2011]. Graph created by authors.
Population growth in Seoul Metropolitan Region (SMR). Source: Cox [2011]. Graph created by authors.

Figure 12

Population growth in Seoul city. Source: Cox [2011]. Graph created by the authors.
Population growth in Seoul city. Source: Cox [2011]. Graph created by the authors.

Figure 13

Map of Tokyo CBD and waterfront projects. Source: Wikipedia Map. Modified by the authors.
Map of Tokyo CBD and waterfront projects. Source: Wikipedia Map. Modified by the authors.

Figure 14

Map of Songdo project. Source (Base map): Prang. Modified by the authors.
Map of Songdo project. Source (Base map): Prang. Modified by the authors.

Changing of key actors in Songdo development

1986–19881989–200120022003–2010
Key actorsCity governmentCity government, nation-stateNation-state, city government, international developer, domestic developerNation-state, city government, international developer, domestic developer, civic organizations
ScalesLocalLocal, nationalNational, local, globalNational, local, global
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijme-2019-0023 | Journal eISSN: 2543-5361 | Journal ISSN: 2299-9701
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Language: English
Page range: 369 - 390
Submitted on: Jul 31, 2018
Accepted on: Aug 6, 2019
Published on: Dec 31, 2019
Published by: Warsaw School of Economics
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 4 issues per year
Keywords:
global city,
developmental state,
global projects
Related subjects:
Business and economics,
Political economics,
Economic theory, systems and structures,
Business management,
Management accounting, financial controlling, cost calculation, investment

© 2019 Shahed Khan, Megumi Khan, Sang Kyung An, published by Warsaw School of Economics
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 License.

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