Figure 1
GDP at current prices per head of population, euros, percentage of EU-15. Source: AMECO database, http://ec.europa.eu/economy_finance/ameco/user/serie/ResultSerie.cfm Abbreviation: GDP, gross domestic product.
Figure 2
GDP at current prices per head of population, PPP, percentage of EU-15. Source: Figure 1. Abbreviations: GDP, gross domestic product; PPP, purchasing power parity.
Table 1
Employers and self-employed, as percentage of economically active population, excluding agriculture
| Employers | Employers plus self-employed | |
|---|---|---|
| Czechia, 1999 | 3.7 | 12.9 |
| Hungary, 2004 | 3.4 | 12.0 |
| Poland, 2000 | 3.4 | 10.5 |
| Slovakia, 2003 | 2.6 | 8.7 |
[i] Source: ILO Laborsta.
Note: Only some years and countries are available for comparison.
Table 2
Income inequality, measured by Gini coefficients
| 1987–1989 | 1993–1996 | 2012–2014 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia | 19.4 | 26.6 | 26.1 |
| Hungary | 21.0 | 27.9 | 30.6 |
| Poland | 26.9 | 32.7 | 32.1 |
| Slovakia | 19.5 | 25.8 | 26.1 |
[i] Source: World Bank, World Development Indicators, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/SI.POV.GINI
Notes: Income inequality appears to be derived from per capita household incomes. Data are not available for every year. Numbers relate to 1 year within the indicated period.
Table 3
Net FDI, as percentage of GDP.
| 1990–1997 | 1998–2008 | 2009–2017 | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia | 2.0 | 6.3 | 2.5 |
| Hungary | 5.6 | 5.2 | 1.4 |
| Poland | 1.7 | 3.5 | 2.1 |
| Slovakia | 3.2 | 9.0 | 1.1 |
| Romania | 0.9 | 5.0 | 2.1 |
[i] Source: Calculated from http://unctadstat.unctad.org/EN/
Note: Data for Czechia and Slovakia, 1990–1992, use the same figure for Czechoslovakia for both countries, although proportionately more probably flowed into Czechia.
Abbreviations: FDI, foreign direct investment; GDP, gross domestic product.
Table 4
Exports from foreign-controlled companies, as percentage of exports from all enterprises, 2016
| All activities | Manufacturing | Motor vehicles | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia | 51.6 | 82.5 | 97.8 |
| Poland | 44.4 | 64.4 | 90.4 |
| Slovakia | 74.8 | 98.4 | |
| Romania | 67.6 | 80.7 | 93.8 |
[i] Source: Calculated from Eurostat, ext_tec07. Note: Figures for Slovakia refer to 2014.
Table 5
Effects of FDI on external balances, indicators as percentage of GDP, 2014–2016
| FDI inflow | Income outflow | Net exports, whole economy | Net exports, motor vehicles | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia | 2.6 | 6.9 | 2.1 | 5.2 | |
| Hungary | -3.7 | 6.0 | – | ||
| Poland | 3.2 | 3.8 | -7.5 | 6.7 | |
| Slovakia | 0.2 | 4.0 | 5.3 | 7.1 |
[i] Source: Calculated from OECD FDI statistics, http://www.oecd.org/corporate/mne/statistics.htm and Eurostat, ext_tec07.
Note: The data in the first two and last two columns are not precisely comparable, using different definitions of FDI. Data for Slovakia under net exports are for 2014 alone. Abbreviations: FDI, foreign direct investment; GDP, gross domestic product; OECD, Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Table 6
Nominal compensation per employee, 1993–2017, percentage of EU-15 level
| 1993 | 1998 | 2008 | 2017 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia | 11.7 | 18.4 | 38.8 | 40.1 |
| Hungary | 19.3 | 35.8 | 29.9 | |
| Poland | 13.0 | 20.4 | 31.0 | 32.2 |
| Slovakia | 15.1 | 32.7 | 38.8 | |
| Romania | 5.2 | 7.8 | 21.8 | 24.1 |
| Germany | 110.8 | 104.1 | 90.8 | 96.6 |
[i] Source: Calculated from AMECO database.
Table 7
Kilogram price of exports of passenger cars, as percentage of German level
| 1994 | 1998 | 2008 | 2016 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Czechia | 38.9 | 55.2 | 63.3 | 60.2 |
| Hungary | 13.9 | 73.6 | 67.1 | 73.4 |
| Poland | 35.0 | 47.0 | 56.1 | 53.9 |
| Slovakia | 4.9 | 89.2 | 70.6 | 64.5 |
| Romania | 23.6 | 45.9 | 43.8 | 42.8 |
[i] Source: Calculated from Comtrade database, https://comtrade.un.org/data