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Groundwater depletion: A mathematical model incorporating climate and human factors Cover

Groundwater depletion: A mathematical model incorporating climate and human factors

Open Access
|Jun 2026

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Atmospherical water.

Fig. 2

Surface water.

Fig. 3

The groundwater.

Model parameterization with values_

ParameterParameter DescriptionParameter Value
ρ1&ρ2Surface and groundwater evaporation rates to atmospheric water, correspondingly0.09 & 0.028
ϖPrecipitation rate from atmosphere to surface water0.5
κInfluence of surface water on atmospheric water, modereted by groundwater0.05
ιRate at which atmospheric water dissipates0.01
vSurface-to-groundwater infiltration rate0.3005
ϑThe effect of pollution on groundwater and surface water0.300
ηRecurrence rate of groundwater extraction0.02
ζReduction in surface water due to groundwater and atmospheric interaction0.07
ϰPace of deforestation0.06
ςContribution of atmospheric water to groundwater recharge, depending on surface water0.04

Model parameterization_

ParameterParameter Description
A(𝔱)Atmospheric water
B(𝔱)Surface water
C(𝔱)Groundwater
ρ1&ρ2Surface and groundwater evaporation rates to atmospheric water, correspondingly
ϖRate of atmospheric precipitation reaching surface water bodies
κInfluence of surface water on atmospheric water, moderated by groundwater
ιRate at which atmospheric water dissipates
VSurface-to-groundwater infiltration rate
ϑThe effect of pollution on groundwater and surface water
ηRecurrence rate of groundwater extraction
ζReduction in surface water due to groundwater and atmospheric interaction
ϰPace of deforestation
ςContribution of atmospheric water to groundwater recharge, depending on surface water
Language: English
Page range: 281 - 292
Submitted on: Dec 15, 2024
Accepted on: Jan 5, 2026
Published on: Jun 2, 2026
Published by: Harran University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year

© 2026 Kottakkaran Sooppy Nisar, Raghad Mohammed Al-Suliman, Mada Samhoud Al-Qahtani, published by Harran University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.