Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Model parameterization with values_
| Parameter | Parameter Description | Parameter Value |
|---|---|---|
| ρ1&ρ2 | Surface and groundwater evaporation rates to atmospheric water, correspondingly | 0.09 & 0.028 |
| ϖ | Precipitation rate from atmosphere to surface water | 0.5 |
| κ | Influence of surface water on atmospheric water, modereted by groundwater | 0.05 |
| ι | Rate at which atmospheric water dissipates | 0.01 |
| v | Surface-to-groundwater infiltration rate | 0.3005 |
| ϑ | The effect of pollution on groundwater and surface water | 0.300 |
| η | Recurrence rate of groundwater extraction | 0.02 |
| ζ | Reduction in surface water due to groundwater and atmospheric interaction | 0.07 |
| ϰ | Pace of deforestation | 0.06 |
| ς | Contribution of atmospheric water to groundwater recharge, depending on surface water | 0.04 |
Model parameterization_
| Parameter | Parameter Description |
|---|---|
| A(𝔱) | Atmospheric water |
| B(𝔱) | Surface water |
| C(𝔱) | Groundwater |
| ρ1&ρ2 | Surface and groundwater evaporation rates to atmospheric water, correspondingly |
| ϖ | Rate of atmospheric precipitation reaching surface water bodies |
| κ | Influence of surface water on atmospheric water, moderated by groundwater |
| ι | Rate at which atmospheric water dissipates |
| V | Surface-to-groundwater infiltration rate |
| ϑ | The effect of pollution on groundwater and surface water |
| η | Recurrence rate of groundwater extraction |
| ζ | Reduction in surface water due to groundwater and atmospheric interaction |
| ϰ | Pace of deforestation |
| ς | Contribution of atmospheric water to groundwater recharge, depending on surface water |