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Experimentally optimizing a spinning disk by manipulating its mass distribution and radius Cover

Experimentally optimizing a spinning disk by manipulating its mass distribution and radius

International Journal of Mathematics and Computer in Engineering
AHEAD OF PRINT
By: Aniket Nivesh,  Pundikala Veeresha and  Venu Gopal Peddinti  
Open Access
|Feb 2026

Figures & Tables

Fig. 1

Spinning disk with a fixed central axis (a) defining angular quantities, (b) cross section of the disk.
Spinning disk with a fixed central axis (a) defining angular quantities, (b) cross section of the disk.

Fig. 2

Visual representation of experimental setup.
Visual representation of experimental setup.

Fig. 3

Angular velocity versus time (a) 0 ± 0.01 cm (d1), (b) 1.15 ± 0.01 cm (d2), (c) 2.5 ± 0.01 cm (d3) and (d) 3.85 ± 0.01 cm (d4).
Angular velocity versus time (a) 0 ± 0.01 cm (d1), (b) 1.15 ± 0.01 cm (d2), (c) 2.5 ± 0.01 cm (d3) and (d) 3.85 ± 0.01 cm (d4).

Fig. 4

Angular acceleration versus time (a) 0 ± 0.01 cm (d1), (b) 1.15 ± 0.01 cm (d2), (c) 2.5 ± 0.01 cm (d3) and (d) 3.85 ± 0.01 cm (d4).
Angular acceleration versus time (a) 0 ± 0.01 cm (d1), (b) 1.15 ± 0.01 cm (d2), (c) 2.5 ± 0.01 cm (d3) and (d) 3.85 ± 0.01 cm (d4).

Fig. 5

Kinetic Energy versus Time (a) 0 ± 0.01 cm (d1), (b) 1.15 ± 0.01 cm (d2), (c) 2.5 ± 0.01 cm (d3), and (d) 3.85 ± 0.01 cm (d4).
Kinetic Energy versus Time (a) 0 ± 0.01 cm (d1), (b) 1.15 ± 0.01 cm (d2), (c) 2.5 ± 0.01 cm (d3), and (d) 3.85 ± 0.01 cm (d4).

Fig. 6

Torque versus Time for Setup (a) 0 ± 0.01 cm (d1), (b) 1.15 ± 0.01 cm (d2), (c) 2.5 ± 0.01 cm (d3), and (d) 3.85 ± 0.01 cm (d4).
Torque versus Time for Setup (a) 0 ± 0.01 cm (d1), (b) 1.15 ± 0.01 cm (d2), (c) 2.5 ± 0.01 cm (d3), and (d) 3.85 ± 0.01 cm (d4).

Fig. 7

Angular velocity versus time (a) Radius - 78 ± 1 mm, (b) Radius - 91 ± 1 mm, and (c) Radius - 141 ± 1 mm.
Angular velocity versus time (a) Radius - 78 ± 1 mm, (b) Radius - 91 ± 1 mm, and (c) Radius - 141 ± 1 mm.

Fig. 8

Angular acceleration versus time (a) Radius - 78 ± 1 mm, (b) Radius - 91 ± 1 mm, and (c) Radius - 141 ± 1 mm.
Angular acceleration versus time (a) Radius - 78 ± 1 mm, (b) Radius - 91 ± 1 mm, and (c) Radius - 141 ± 1 mm.

Fig. 9

Kinetic Energy versus time (a) Radius - 78 ± 1 mm, (b) Radius - 91 ± 1 mm, and (c) Radius - 141 ± 1 mm.
Kinetic Energy versus time (a) Radius - 78 ± 1 mm, (b) Radius - 91 ± 1 mm, and (c) Radius - 141 ± 1 mm.

Fig. 10

Torque versus time for disks of varying radii: (a) Radius - 78 ± 1 mm, (b) Radius - 91 ± 1 mm, and (c) Radius - 141 ± 1 mm.
Torque versus time for disks of varying radii: (a) Radius - 78 ± 1 mm, (b) Radius - 91 ± 1 mm, and (c) Radius - 141 ± 1 mm.

Angular velocity versus time_

S. No.Setup 1Setup 2Setup 3
MaterialCopperIronAluminum
V¯±ΔV¯\bar V \pm \Delta \bar V(9.32 ± 0.06) V(9.51 ± 0.04) V(9.72 ± 0.03) V
Time (s)(ω¯±Δω¯) rad/s(\bar \omega \pm \Delta \bar \omega )\;rad/s(ω¯±Δω¯) rad/s(\bar \omega \pm \Delta \bar \omega )\;rad/s(ω¯±Δω¯) rad/s(\bar \omega \pm \Delta \bar \omega )\;rad/s
0.0209.4 ± 1.4209.0 ± 0.9209.8 ± 0.5
10.0154.8 ± 4.8167.0 ± 7.6-
20.0117.9 ± 0.8137.1 ± 4.0152.4 ± 6.9
30.0106.6 ± 56.5112.0 ± 3.0-
40.060.4 ± 3.392.8 ± 2.2121.6 ± 14.2
50.043.0 ± 0.576.0 ± 2.7-
60.025.9 ± 2.758.4 ± 3.296.7 ± 14.7
70.013.4 ± 1.845.9 ± 3.1-
80.0-34.3 ± 1.375.9 ± 12.2
90.0-24.1 ± 2.4-
100.0-13.5 ± 2.659.3 ± 9.5
110.0-4.4 ± 4.7-
120.0--46.1 ± 7.7
130.0---
140.0--33.7 ± 2.3
150.0---
160.0--24.9 ± 5.8
170.0---
180.0--16.5 ± 5.9
190.0---
200.0--7.6 ± 5.4

Physical quantities studied in Experiment 2_

Independent VariableRadius of Disk [mm]
Dependent VariableAngular deceleration [θ s−2]
Controlled VariablesMass of the disk [g], Voltage supplied [V]
Radius of disk [mm], Thickness of disk [mm]

Description of apparatus_

S. No.ApparatusQuantityLeast CountUncertainty
1Scale (30 cm)11 mm0.5 mm
2Digital Tachometer11 RPM1 RPM
3Digital Weighing Scale10.1 g0.1 g
4Digital Voltmeter10.01 V0.01 V

Description of variables for Experiment 1_

Independent VariableMass Distribution with respect to vertical axis [I]
Dependent VariableAngular deceleration [θ s‒2]
Controlled VariablesMass of the disk [g], Voltage supplied [V]
Radius of disk [mm], Thickness of disk [mm]

Angular deceleration vs time_

S. No.Setup 1Setup 2Setup 3Setup 4
d (cm)(d1) = 0(d2) =1.15± 0.01(d3) = 2.5 ± 0.01(d4) = 3.85± 0.01
V¯±ΔV¯\bar V \pm \Delta \bar V(7.60 ± 6.06) V(7.64 ± 0.07) V(7.66 ± 0.08) V(7.64 ± 0.12) V
Time(S)(ω¯±Δω¯) rad/s({\bf{\bar \omega }} \pm \Delta {\bf{\bar \omega }})\;rad/s(ω¯±Δω¯) rad/s({\bf{\bar \omega }} \pm \Delta {\bf{\bar \omega }})\;rad/s(ω¯±Δω¯) rad/s({\bf{\bar \omega }} \pm \Delta {\bf{\bar \omega }})\;rad/s(ω¯±Δω¯) rad/s({\bf{\bar \omega }} \pm \Delta {\bf{\bar \omega }})\;rad/s
0207.5 ± 1.2235.9 ± 2.1231.5 ± 1.9228.1 ±0.7
10143.1 ± 38.9165.6 ± 3.7158.4 ± 4.3160.1 ± 5.6
2078.7 ± 3.3112.1 ± 5.9112.6 ± 3.9113.9 ± 3.7
3052.0 ± 2.377.6 ± 1.979.0 ± 3.681.5 ± 4.0
4034.8 ± 1.952.4 ± 1.760.1 ± 12.261.6 ± 5.1
5020.3 ± 1.135.9 ± 1.838.5 ± 2.144.1 ± 1.6
607.4 ± 2.122.8 ± 1.725.7 ± 1.329.9 ± 2.4
70-10.6 ± 1.614.3 ± 1.820.6 ± 2.1
80---12.0 ± 0.4
90---5.1 ± 2.1

Description of materials_

MaterialDescription
DC Motor10 V with a flat base can be mounted on any flat surface. Thin metal axis.
Battery2 V to 12 V.
Connecting wiresMade up of copper and insulated with thread.
RheostatA device with variable resistance.
Reflective tapeStuck on the disk. Helps the tachometer record the RPM.
Metal diskMass -175 ± 1 g ; Radius - 50 ± 1 mm ; Thickness - 0.3 ± 0.1 mm
Iron diskMass - 248 ± 1 g ; Radius - 91 ± 1 mm ; Thickness - 6 ± 1 mm
Copper diskMass - 245 ± 1 g ; Radius - 78 ± 1 mm ; Thickness - 6 ± 1 mm
Aluminum diskMass - 249 ± 1 g ; Radius - 141 ± 1 mm ; Thickness - 6 ± 1 mm
Small stainless-steel disk × 4Mass 11 ± 1 g each. Used to add mass to the metal disk.
StandUsed to position the Digital Tachometer.
Metal clamps × 2Used to firmly attach the material on which the motor is mounted to the tabletop.
Blu-TactA rubbery material used to add mass to the disk.
M-SealAn adhesive paste used to mound the motor onto any required surface.
Fevi-QuickA very strong liquid adhesive.

Time rise and time fall_

-Time RiseTime Fall
T1¯±ΔT1¯ (s)\overline {{T_1}} \pm \Delta \overline {{T_1}} \;\left( s \right)T1¯±ΔT1¯(s)\overline {{T_1}} \pm \Delta \overline {{T_1}} \left( s \right)
Copper124.32 ± 2.6976.33 ± 0.95
Iron163.75 ± 2.19113.63 ± 1.80
Aluminium214.28 ± 2.85212.46 ± 1.25
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/ijmce-2026-0010 | Journal eISSN: 2956-7068
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Language: English
Submitted on: Jan 14, 2025
|
Accepted on: Dec 20, 2025
|
Published on: Feb 2, 2026
Published by: Harran University
In partnership with: Paradigm Publishing Services
Publication frequency: 2 issues per year
Keywords:
Spinning disk,
angular quantities,
moment of inertia,
torque,
kinetic energy
Related subjects:
Computer sciences,
Computer sciences, other,
Engineering,
Introductions and overviews,
Engineering, other,
Mathematics,
General mathematics,
Physics,
Physics, other

© 2026 Aniket Nivesh, Pundikala Veeresha, Venu Gopal Peddinti, published by Harran University
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.

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